Simulation of plano-convex cylindrical lens effects on photovoltaic solar cells efficiency
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Simulation of plano‑convex cylindrical lens effects on photovoltaic solar cells efficiency Ehsan Koushki1 · Maziyar Kazemi1 Received: 24 April 2020 / Accepted: 8 October 2020 / Published online: 15 October 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract A method for control and modification of solar cell efficiency using a plano-convex cylindrical lens is proposed. Optical effects of a plano-convex cylindrical lens placed on a solar cell are detailed theoretically and numerical simulations are used to modify the efficiency of the cell. It was found that the lens could reduce the incident angle of the beam and enhance the solar cell voltage. The output power from the solar cell could be controlled using this lens during the day and a modification method is proposed in order to gain more output power from a solar cell. This method is a low cost and green method to gain controllable output voltage from the photovoltaic solar cells. Experiments confirm the effectiveness of this method. Keywords Photovoltaic solar cells · Plano-convex cylindrical lens · Output efficiency · Incident angle
1 Introduction Enhancement of solar cells efficiency is the aim of many articles (Buie and Monger 2004; Pauwels and Vos 1981). Using doping atoms in absorber films is a very usual method to enhance photovoltaic (PV) power in solar cells that is used frequently in recent years (Wolf 1986; Bartel et al. 2012). Most of them focused on the optical solar cell configuration, design and synthesis of the optical layers used in the PV solar cells in order to achieve more power (Bouhafs et al. 1988; Rajvikram and Leoponraj 2018).Focusing on geometric optics and extra optical elements to enhance or control the solar cell efficiency could be very effective, low cost and green methods but are utilized rarely (Nfaoui and El-Hami 2018; NaichiaYeh 2016). In this work we suggest a low cost method to gain a steady output power from a solar cell that has some advantages in comparison with previous methods. Using a plano-convex cylindrical lens located on the surface of the solar cell make the incident beam more perpendicular to the cell surface. For example at the morning or afternoon that the sunlight radiate to the surface of the solar cell, the incident angle is more than * Ehsan Koushki [email protected] 1
Department of Physics, Hakim Sabzevari University, 96179‑76487 Sabzevar, Iran
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45 °and using this lens makes the beam more perpendicular to the cell surface. It is well known that the efficiency of solar cell depends on the incident angle and how much it decreases, the efficiency increases. In other words, the lens could provide vertical incident intensity to the cell surface during the day. Here, a plano-convex cylindrical lens and its geometrical dimensions and properties are introduced. Using the Fresnel relations, the transmittance of the incident light is obtained inside the lens and also at the exit surface of the lens and simulat
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