Simulation Study for Beam Extraction with an Electrostatic Einzel Lens for Low Energy Accelerator Mass Spectrometry
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Simulation Study for Beam Extraction with an Electrostatic Einzel Lens for Low Energy Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Sae-Hoon Park, Sang-Hun Lee and Yu-Seok Kim∗ Department of Nuclear & Energy System Engineering, Dongguk University, Gyeongju 38066, Korea (Received 8 January 2020; revised 20 March 2020; accepted 31 March 2020) Radiocarbon dating using a compact or low energy accelerator mass spectrometer has been rapidly developing in recent times. A gaseous ion source was designed and simulated to reduce sample preparation times. Then, a simulation study for low-energy accelerator mass spectrometry using the designed ion source for low energy beam transport was conducted to analyze beam separation optimization. Based on our simulation results, the use of an electrostatic Einzel lens led to an enhancement in beam focusing and separation. The ion beam trajectories were calculated using a SIMION program. These simulation results for ion beam extraction are presented in this paper. Keywords: Ion source, Carbon beam, Einzel lens DOI: 10.3938/jkps.77.425
I. INTRODUCTION In recent times, the development in radiocarbon dating using a compact or low energy accelerator mass spectrometer (AMS) has been rapid. Thus far, radiocarbon measurements have been conducted at the AMS facility in Dongguk University by using a cesium sputtering ion source with a solid sample [1]. Radiocarbon dating with AMS extends from 14 C concentrations equal to Modern back to these equal to approximately 50,000 radiocarbon years, which geochronology, archeology and environmental science in which such concentration equal to ≥0.001 Modern. In contrast, 14 C in biological, biomedical and nutritional tracer samples can be measured 14 C at 0.01 to 100 Modern, are typically measured despite the degree of contamination of the ion source when analyzing samples containing ≥10,000 Modern [2,3]. To address this issue and also prevent background contamination when dating bio-samples, researchers at this facility developed a direct gas injection system with a gaseous ion source (filament driven ion source) to realize high-level 14 C measurements. The use of a gaseous ion source can eliminate the time required for sample preparation, including sample pretreatment, graphitization, and targeting. Thus, we simulated and designed a gaseous ion source to shorter the sample preparation, saving time consumption. A system for injecting gaseous samples directly into an ion source is proposed and simulated in order to measure radioisotope ratios using AMS. A previous simulation study on low energy accelerator mass spectrometry with a gaseous ion source involved using different anode types for beam extraction [4]. In contrast, in this ∗ E-mail:
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study, low energy beam transport was simulated to optimize beam separation. The extractor of the ion source with an electrostatic Einzel lens was simulated using the SIMION code [5] wherein the characteristics of the ion beam depend on the Einzel lens mode after injection into the an
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