Simultaneous Determination of Foramsulfuron and Orthosulfamuron in Four Common Grains Using Ultra-Performance Liquid Chr
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Simultaneous Determination of Foramsulfuron and Orthosulfamuron in Four Common Grains Using Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Chang Ma 1 & Xingang Liu 1,2 & Xiaohu Wu 1 & Fengshou Dong 1 & Jun Xu 1 & Yongquan Zheng 1 Received: 12 October 2017 / Accepted: 9 January 2018 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2018
Abstract Foramsulfuron and orthosulfamuron are two important sulfonylurea herbicides and have been widely used for the weed control in grain field. But their residues and toxicities have also caused many problems. In this study, the QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe) method and UPLC-MS/MS (ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry) were combined to simultaneously determine them in soybeans, wheat, rice, and maize. The suitable extractants (acetonitrile for soybeans and wheat while acetonitrile containing 1% formic acid for rice and maize) and sorbents (octadecylsilane (C18) for soybeans and wheat while primary secondary amine (PSA) for rice and maize) were tested and selected. In this study, the determinations of the target compounds were achieved in < 5.0 min and the limits of quantification were 0.005 mg kg−1 in the four grain matrices. The method showed excellent linearity (R2 > 0.9990) for the target compounds. And the recovery studies of foramsulfuron and orthosulfamuron performed in the four matrices at three spiked levels (5, 10, and 100 μg L−1) showed good average recoveries (75.16~106.45%) and reproducibility (inter-day relative standard deviations (n = 15) ranged from 4.08 to 15.95%). This method will be useful for the quick and simultaneous detection of foramsulfuron and orthosulfamuron residues in soybeans, wheat, rice, and maize. Keywords Residue analysis . Foramsulfuron . Orthosulfamuron . UPLC-MS/MS . Grains
Introduction Sulfonylurea herbicides, which were discovered in the 1970s, are a family of broad-spectrum systemic herbicides with high efficiency, low toxicity, and high selectivity (Brown 1990). They can restrain the activity of acetolactate synthase (ALS), prevent the synthesis of branched chain amino acids, and intervene in DNA synthesis and cell growth and division (Ray 1986). And they are mainly used to control various annual and perennial grasses and broadleaf weeds in the grain and oilseed fields. They have been developing at a high speed and have
* Xingang Liu [email protected] 1
State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
2
Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pests in Guilin, Ministry of Agriculture, Guilin 541399, China
become one of the largest classes of herbicides (Donald 2002). Foramsulfuron and orthosulfamuron are two new types of sulfonylurea herbicides. Foramsulfuron and orthosulfamuron are commonly used for post-emergence control of weed in grain fields, such as rice and maize fields (Bunting et al. 2004; Fornara e
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