Single Molecules and Nanotechnology

This book focuses on recent advances in the rapidly evolving field of single molecule research. These advances are of importance for the investigation of biopolymers and cellular biochemical reactions, and are essential to the development of quantitative

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R. Rigler H. Vogel (Eds.)

Single Molecules and Nanotechnology

 

Springer Series in Biophysics 12

R. Rigler



H. Vogel

Editors

Single Molecules and Nanotechnology

Professor Dr. Rudolf Rigler Laboratory of Medical Biophysics, MBB Karolinska Institute S-171 77 Stockolm Sweden Professor Dr. Horst Vogel Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Polymers and Membranes Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL) CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland

ISSN 0932-2353 ISBN: 978-3-540-73923-4

e-ISBN: 978-3-540-73924-1

Library of Congress Control Number: 2007932191 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Violations are liable to prosecution under the German Copyright Law. Springer-Verlag is a part of Springer Science+Business Media springer.com © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2008 The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Printed on acid-free paper

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Preface

The investigation of molecules as individuals has grown rapidly in recent years, and in the process has uncovered molecular properties not normally accessible by ensemble experiments. In particular, the direct characterization of biologically important molecules such as enzymes, molecular motors, or receptors and entire signaling complexes in action, for example in a live biological cell, yielded unexpected insights. Common approaches for studying single molecules include the electrical detection of ion channels in membranes, the measurement of the dynamics of (bio)chemical reactions between individual molecules, the imaging of individual molecules by scanning probe techniques or by fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, and the direct monitoring of single molecules by optical microscopies, to mention a few. The application of these techniques in physics, chemistry, and biology has opened new areas of nanotechnology. This book provides a representative selection of recent developments in the rapidly evolving field of single molecule techniques of importance in life sciences and will have future impact on the quantitative description of biological processes. The editors of this book hope that the chapters, written by leading scientists in the field, will attract students and scientists from different disciplines, provide them with an authentic insight into this young field of research, allow them to evaluate experimenta