SiOC ceramics with ordered porosity by 3D-printing of a preceramic polymer
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Andreas Staude Division of Micro Non-Destructive Evaluation, BAM Federal Institute for Materials, Research and Testing, 12205 Berlin, Germany
Enrico Bernardo Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
Jens Günster Division of Ceramic Processing and Biomaterials, BAM Federal Institute for Materials, Research and Testing, 12203 Berlin, Germany
Paolo Colombob) Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16801 (Received 14 February 2013; accepted 19 April 2013)
Ceramic parts possessing an ordered porosity were produced for the first time by powder-based threedimensional printing of a preceramic polymer followed by pyrolysis in an inert atmosphere. The main parameters involved in the process were investigated, and the precision of the printed and ceramized parts was assessed by means of scanning electron microscopy and micro computed tomography. The influence of two different printing solvents was investigated and the use of a mixture of 1-hexanol and hexylacetate in particular allowed the production of parts with a relative density of 80% both in the polymeric and in the ceramic state. The mixing of a cross-linking catalyst directly with the printing liquid greatly simplified the process, minimizing the necessity of preprocessing the starting powder. Three-dimensional printing of a preceramic polymer not containing any inert or active fillers was proved to be a feasible, convenient and precise process for the production of porous ceramic possessing a complex, ordered structure, such as stretch-dominated lattices. I. INTRODUCTION
Polymer-derived ceramics (PDCs) are ceramic materials produced from the conversion of a polymeric precursor. In the last decades, this class of materials has attracted the attention of the scientific and industrial community due to a combination of outstanding material and processing properties. PDCs can be produced in a wide range of compositions depending on the precursor used. The most known are Si-based ceramics such as SiCN, SiC, SiOC or more complex quaternary systems like SiOCN or SiBCN. Some of these compositions, e.g., SiOC, are unique because they cannot be produced by any other way but the molecular route. Other systems, such as SiC, are very interesting because it is possible to produce components at much lower a)
Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: [email protected] b) This author was an editor of this journal during the review and decision stage. For the JMR policy on review and publication of manuscripts authored by editors, please refer to http://www.mrs. org/jmr-editor-manuscripts/ DOI: 10.1557/jmr.2013.129 J. Mater. Res., Vol. 28, No. 17, Sep 14, 2013
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processing temperatures (1100–1300 °C) compared to traditional powder-based ceramic technology. The most noteworthy properties of PDCs are excellent oxidation res
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