Sodium sulfite (SoS) as decontamination strategy for Fusarium -toxin contaminated maize and its impact on immunological
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Sodium sulfite (SoS) as decontamination strategy for Fusarium-toxin contaminated maize and its impact on immunological traits in pigs challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) Anh-Tuan Tran 1 & Jeannette Kluess 1 Sven Dänicke 1 & Jana Frahm 1
&
Susanne Kersten 1 & Andreas Berk 1 & Marleen Paulick 1 & Dian Schatzmayr 2 &
Received: 3 December 2019 / Revised: 16 July 2020 / Accepted: 22 July 2020 # The Author(s) 2020
Abstract The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of sodium sulfite (SoS) treatment of maize and its impact on the porcine immune system in the presence of an LPS-induced systemic inflammation. Control maize (CON) and Fusariumtoxin contaminated maize (FUS) were wet-preserved (20% moisture) for 79 days with (+) or without (−) SoS and then included at 10% in a diet, resulting in four experimental groups: CON−, CON+, FUS−, and FUS+ with deoxynivalenol (DON) concentrations of 0.09, 0.05, 5.36, and 0.83 mg DON/kg feed, respectively. After 42-day feeding trial (weaned barrows, n = 20/group), ten pigs per group were challenged intraperitoneally with either 7.5 μg LPS/kg BW or placebo (0.9% NaCl), observed for 2 h, and then sacrificed. Blood, mesenteric lymph nodes, and spleen were collected for phenotyping of different T cell subsets, B cells, and monocytes. Phagocytic activity and intracellular formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were analyzed in both polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) using flow cytometry. Our results revealed that the impact of DON was more notable on CD3+CD4+CD8+ T cells in lymphoid tissues rather than in blood T cells. In contrast, SoS treatment of maize altered leukocyte subpopulations in blood, e.g., reduced the percentage and fluorescence signal of CD8high T cells. Interestingly, SoS treatment reduced the amount of free radicals in basal ROS-producing PMNs only in LPSchallenged animals, suggesting a decrease in basal cellular ROS production (pSoS*LPS = 0.022). Keywords Sodium sulfite . Deoxynivalenol . Immune cells . Lipopolysaccharide . Piglet
Abbreviations CON Control maize DON Deoxynivalenol FUS Fusarium–toxin contaminated maize LOD Level of detection LPS Lipopolysaccharide
MFI PBMC PMN ROS SoS
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s12550-020-00403-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Introduction
* Jeannette Kluess [email protected] 1
Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Braunschweig, Germany
2
BIOMIN Holding GmbH, BIOMIN Research Center, Tulln, Austria
Mean fluorescence intensity Peripheral blood mononuclear cells Polymorphonuclear cells Reactive oxygen species Sodium sulfite
Deoxynivalenol (DON) belongs to the B-trichothecene mycotoxins produced from Fusarium species. Among the farm animals, pigs are known as the most susceptible species to DON exposure, responding with a reduction in feed intake and lower weigh
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