Solid-state fermentation technology and innovation for the production of agricultural and animal feed bioproducts
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REVIEW
Solid‑state fermentation technology and innovation for the production of agricultural and animal feed bioproducts Luciana P. S. Vandenberghe1 · Ashok Pandey2 · Júlio C. Carvalho1 · Luiz A. J. Letti1 · Adenise L. Woiciechowski1 · Susan G. Karp1 · Vanete Thomaz‑Soccol1 · Walter J. Martínez‑Burgos1 · Rafaela O. Penha1 · Leonardo W. Herrmann1 · Amanda O. Rodrigues1 · Carlos R. Soccol1 Received: 25 June 2020 / Revised: 15 September 2020 / Accepted: 18 September 2020 © Jiangnan University 2020
Abstract It has now passed more than forty years since solid-state fermentation (SSF) research developments have gained importance for the scientific community. After so many years, numerous processes and equipment for SSF were studied and designed focusing on the production of different commercially relevant bioproducts such as enzymes, fermented food, such as Chinese daqu and koji, organic acids, pigments, phenolic compounds, aromas, biosorbents and so many others. However, no review paper has been focused yet specifically on agricultural and animal feed bioproducts obtained through SSF techniques. This review comprises the description of agricultural sub-products that have been employed in most important developed processes concerning the production of animal feed products and agricultural products such as spores, probiotics, biofungicides, bioinsecticides and other biopesticides, biofertilizers and plant growth hormones. Major designed SSF bioreactors are also described and the most important related cases of successful employment of the technique are reported. Finally, a summary of patents and innovations regarding SSF products and processes in this area is presented, showing that the main involved countries are China, South Korea, India and the USA. It is clear that the interest in this theme is increasing and that scientific and technological developments are still needed. Keywords Alternative sub-products · Solid-state fermentation bioreactors · Animal feed · Agricultural bioproducts · Probiotics · Patents
Introduction Solid-state fermentation (SSF) is a process where there is a porous solid substrate or support for the growth of microorganisms, with a continuous gas phase. It is arguably the most natural condition for the growth of microorganisms whose natural habitats are solid materials, such as plant and rock surfaces, soils and decomposing organic matter such as leaves, bark and wood. In nature, solid carbon-rich substrates are much more common than liquid media—and therefore, * Carlos R. Soccol [email protected] 1
Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Centro Politécnico, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR 81531‑990, Brazil
Centre for Innovation and Translational Research, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow 226 001, India
2
SSF processes can match the natural physiology of microorganisms: a generally lower water activity than in liquid media, low to zero shear stress and direct contact with gas phases [1–5]. The history of solid substrate fer
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