Solid Waste Management in Urban Development
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Solid Waste Management in Urban Development Pamela Ransom Metropolitan College, New York, NY, USA
Synonyms Municipal solid waste management; Urban solid waste management; Waste and resource management
Definitions Municipal Solid Waste Management
The field dealing with control of discarded materials, refuse, garbage, or trash within a city jurisdiction. This includes all aspects of regulation, planning, storage, transport, processing, treatment, and disposal, with the aim to protect a jurisdiction’s fiscal stability and also public health and the environment.
Introduction Management of solid waste in cities is an essential function becoming more complex as a result of global urban population growth. With municipal waste increasing exponentially, cities in the
developed and developing world face immense management, fiscal, and technical needs. Waste has been labeled an urban problem, with municipal volumes twice that of rural areas. In addition, waste poses significant challenges to city fiscal health and quality of life. In most places, cities and local governments play the lead role, although responsibility for aspects of management, such as policy or planning, is sometimes shared with national, regional, or state actors. Management involves administrative, and operational decisions, with the overarching policy and regulatory framework setting the stage for implementation. This includes allocation of manpower, facilities, equipment, land, and public information. This introduction to the field of urban solid waste management (SWM) provides a short historical overview and discussion of global generation, along with review of the evolution of theory about the field. Key elements of the municipal waste management process are explored including the role of partnerships and planning. This helps explore the extent to which rationalized planning, data, and analysis guide decisions and action and the degree to which disparate political, institutional, and historical forces result in influences from more ad hoc systems involving not only government but also the private sector, civil society, and informal players. Finally, the way forward is discussed.
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020 A. Farazmand (ed.), Global Encyclopedia of Public Administration, Public Policy, and Governance, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31816-5_4041-1
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Historical Background of Solid Waste Management The challenge of waste was part of the lifeblood of cities since their inception, with evidence of municipal involvement in ancient cities in the Indus Valley and Greece (Marshall and Farahbakhsh 2013). Most older cities throughout history were relatively squalid, with unregulated waste dumping, tossing, and scavenging. Increased disease spread including cholera, dysentery, diarrhea, malaria, and fecal contamination was a result. Municipal management practices known today began taking hold in the nineteenth century, with European cities instituting laws and establishing institutions given mandates to manage waste (Allister 2015). Waste expanded dr
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