Solvothermal route to Bi 3 Se 4 nanorods at low temperature
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Wei-xin Zhang and Wei-chao Yu Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, The People’s Republic of China
Yi-tai Qiana) Structure Research Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, The People’s Republic of China
Jin-bo Cao and Wan-qun Zhang Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, The People’s Republic of China (Received 10 April 2001; accepted 24 August 2001)
Nanorods Bi3Se4 were synthesized directly through the reaction between BiCl3 and elemental selenium in an autoclave with hydrazine hydrate as solvent at 165 °C for 10 h. X-ray powder diffraction patterns, x-ray photoelectron spectra, and transmission electron microscope images show that the products are well-crystallized hexagonal Bi3Se4 nanorods. The solvent hydrazine hydrate played an important role in formation and growth of Bi3Se4 nanorods. The possible reaction mechanism was proposed.
I. INTRODUCTION
Nano-sized materials can often display optical, electronic, and structural properties different from those of the bulk counterparts.1– 4 Nanoparticles may adopt various shapes. And the form adopted plays a critical role in determining the basic properties. Among these different dimensional nano-sized materials, one-dimensional (1D) nanomaterials have attracted much current attention. The fabrication of nanometer-sized 1D materials has been the focus of considerable interest because of their potential applications in mesoscopic research, nanostructural composite materials, the development of nanodevices, catalysis, ceramics, electronics, and magnetic storage. However, the fabrication of these 1D nano-sized materials is a challenge owing to their extremely small size and their anisotropy. So far, some 1D nanostructured materials5–14 have been successfully prepared and several significant synthetic methods for nanorods have been developed. Carbon nanotubes have been used as templates for fabrication of carbide nanorods such as TiC, SiC, NbC, and BCx10 or nitrides such as GaN and Si3N413 at high reaction temperatures. Carbon nanotubes have also been
filled with metals15 or metal oxides16 using the capillary effect to fabricate 1D nanostructures from the molten state. Another template approach with the use of the 1D nanochannel in porous anodic alumina,17 track-etched polycarbohydrate membranes,18 was used to fabricate a variety of metal and semiconductor nanorods through electrochemical processes or high-pressure injection. Recently, CdE (E ⳱ S, Se, Te) and Mg(OH)2 nanorods have been synthesized successfully through a solvothermal route in ethylenediamine.19 In this paper, Bi3Se4 nanorods were synthesized through a solvothermal route with hydrazine hydrate as solvent. Bismuth selenides have potential application in modern thermoelectric coolers and thermoelectronic and optical recording materials20–22 and existed in different phases, such as BiSe, BiSe2, Bi3Se2, Bi2Se3, Bi4Se3, and Bi3Se4. However, since the discovery o
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