Sorption of urea hydrogen peroxide by co-pyrolysed bone meal and cow dung slowed-down phosphorus and nitrogen releases b
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Sorption of urea hydrogen peroxide by co‑pyrolysed bone meal and cow dung slowed‑down phosphorus and nitrogen releases but boosted agronomic efficiency Deogratius Luyima1†, Jwakyung Sung2†, Jae‑Han Lee1, Seong‑Ah Woo1, Seong‑Jin Park3* and Taek‑Keun Oh1*
Abstract Co-pyrolysis of animal manure biomass with bone meal (BM) and soaking of the resultant biochar in urea containing solutions may offer a sustainable and cheap way of formulating slow-release nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilis‑ ers. This method can lead to optimisation of the carbon sequestration capacity of the biochar, abatement of environ‑ mental pollution by P and N and alleviation of the severity of the projected future scarcity of P. A few studies have indicated that sorption can create efficient slow-release fertilisers although all of them utilised charged moieties such as ammonium ions to formulate them and as a result, there is a paucity of data concerning the efficiency of fertilis‑ ers formulated using uncharged compounds like urea. It’s against that background that we examined the possibility of leveraging co-pyrolysis and sorption with urea containing solutions to formulate slow-release N and P fertilisers along with assessing the agronomic efficiency of the formulated fertilisers through cultivating lettuce in pots for two seasons. Both urea-hydrogen peroxide (UHP) and urea were utilised as N sources. UHP (CDBM-UHP) and urea (CDBM-Urea) containing biochars averagely released 64.40% and 87.00% of the added N, respectively over the 28-day incubation period with the amount of N released decreasing with increasing concentrations of BM in the biochar. Let‑ tuce yields and nutrient use efficiencies of N and P were higher in the CDBM-UHP than in the CDBM-Urea treatments. It’s therefore clear that sorption of UHP by BM containing biochar concomitantly slows-down releases of N and P and boosts the agronomic efficiency of the fertilisers. Keywords: Agronomic efficiency, Biochar, Real nutrient use efficiency, Slow-release fertilisers, Sorption Introduction Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are irreplaceable nutrient elements in the sustenance of agricultural production systems and life in general [1]. Their usage for supporting plant growth has been growing since the green revolution *Correspondence: [email protected]; [email protected] † Deogratius Luyima and Jwakyung Sung equally contributed to the present study as co-first authors 1 Department of Bio‑Environmental Chemistry, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea 3 Division of Soil and Fertilizer, National Institute of Agricultural Science, RDA, Wanju 55365, Korea Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
in the second half of the twentieth century and are highly credited for boosting agricultural productivity and reducing global hunger. However, continuous fertilisation of agricultural fields has resulted in plenty of problems including the exacerbated release of greenhouse gases, particulat
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