Co-pyrolysed animal manure and bone meal-based urea hydrogen peroxide (UHP) fertilisers are an effective technique of co
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Co‑pyrolysed animal manure and bone meal‑based urea hydrogen peroxide (UHP) fertilisers are an effective technique of combating ammonia emissions Deogratius Luyima1 · Jae‑Han Lee1 · Jwakyung Sung2 · Taek‑Keun Oh1 Received: 4 March 2020 / Accepted: 24 June 2020 © Springer Japan KK, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Formulating biochar-based nitrogen fertilisers from charred livestock manure and urea, the two largest emitters of ammonia (NH3) may help to abate particulate matter emitted from agricultural operations. However, animal manure biochar inadequately retains carbon, thus impairing its primary role of carbon sequestration. Co-pyrolysis of animal manure with phosphorus (P) may improve quality of the biochar, but with the phosphate rock reserves expected to vanish soon, a shift to renewable P sources is desirable. Bone waste is laden with P and can be a viable replacement of the phosphate rock. In the current study, we assessed the efficiency of bone waste as a P source in the co-pyrolysis of cow dung and quantified the N H3 emitting potentials of the biochar-based urea and UHP fertilisers formulated with the co-pyrolysed biochar. Co-pyrolysis of cow dung with bone waste increased yield and carbon retentions of biochar and boosted biochar’s capacity to attenuate NH3 emissions. UHP fertilisers formulated from the co-pyrolysed biochar lessened N H3 evolutions by as high as 85.93% and were more effective in reducing NH3 volatilisations than co-pyrolysed biochar-based urea fertilisers. Keywords Ammonia emissions · Urea hydrogen peroxide · Co-pyrolysis · Fertilisers · Upland and paddy soils
Introduction Animal excrement and nitrogen (N) fertilisers are by far the largest emitters of NH3 which through intricate atmospheric reactions forms constituent chemical species of particulate matter (PM) [1, 2] and is thus a vital air pollutant [3, 4]. The general importance of N H3 emissions to air quality has been underscored by several studies including but not Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10163-020-01074-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Jwakyung Sung [email protected] * Taek‑Keun Oh [email protected] 1
Department of Bio‑Environmental Chemistry, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
Department of Crop Science, College of Agriculture, Life and Environmental Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
2
limited to Tsimpidi et al. [5], Pinder et al. [6], Wang et al. [7], Megaritis et al. [8] and Bessagnet et al. [9] with each of them calling for effective curtailment of NH3 emissions for the betterment of human health and environment. An overwhelming interest in using biochar to curb NH3 volatilisations has ensued in recent past, although different studies have come up with contrasting observations. Mandal et al. [10] found that combined applications of biochar and N fertilisers effec
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