South American Camelids: their values and contributions to people
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SPECIAL FEATURE: ORIGINAL ARTICLE Valuation of Nature and Nature’s Contributions to People
South American Camelids: their values and contributions to people Bibiana Vilá1,2 · Yanina Arzamendia2,3 Received: 24 May 2020 / Accepted: 8 October 2020 © Springer Japan KK, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract South American Camelids (SACs) make several material and non-material contributions to people and are a key component of the Andean biocultural heritage. From the perspective of the IPBES’ Conceptual Framework, SACs constitute the “nature” component in the complex system of interactions between human societies and the Andean mountain environment. There are four SAC living species today, two of which are wild, or Salqa, in the indigenous cosmovision: guanaco (Lama guanicoe) and vicuña (Vicugna vicugna). Llama (Lama glama) and alpaca (Vicugna pacos) were domesticated 5000 years ago, and are therefore Uywa, in the indigenous cosmovision. Both wild and domestic camelids were, and in several cases still are, the most highly appreciated resource for Andean livelihoods. Historically, camelids and their contributions have been used by Andean people since the peopling of the Americas over 11,000 years ago. In this paper, we present three case studies (chakus for vicuña management, llama caravans, and llama nanobodies) to bring attention to the essential role of vicuñas and llamas for Andean communities today, their intercultural linkages with the Western world, and telecoupling interactions. Keywords NCP · Nature contribution to people · Vicugna vicugna · Lama glama · Andean altiplano · Values
Introduction The Intergovernmental Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services’ (IPBES) conceptual framework (Díaz et al. 2015) is a model to analyze socioecological interrelationships. The multiple flows within components in this framework can reveal sustainable or negative trends for nature conservation. In the context of this framework, “nature” refers to the natural world, with an emphasis on biodiversity. Handled by Shizuka Hashimoto, University of Tokyo, Japan. * Bibiana Vilá [email protected] Yanina Arzamendia [email protected] 1
National Research Council (CONICET) Argentina, Department of Social Sciences, National University of Lujan, Ruta 5 y 7 (6700) Lujan, Buenos Aires, Argentina
2
VICAM: Vicuñas, Camelids and Environment, Luján, Buenos Aires, Argentina
3
Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, INECOA CONICET UNJU (Institute of Andean Ecoregions, National Research Council -National University of Jujuy), Alberdi 47, (4600) San Salvador de Jujuy, Jujuy, Argentina
Within the context of Western science, it includes categories such as biodiversity, ecosystems, ecosystem functioning, evolution, the biosphere, humankind’s shared evolutionary heritage, and biocultural diversity. Within the context of other knowledge systems, it includes categories such as Mother Earth and systems of life (IPBES 2019). South American Camelids (SACs) are natural beings, members of the tribe Lamini of the Camelidae fami
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