Soy bioactive peptides and the gut microbiota modulation
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MINI-REVIEW
Soy bioactive peptides and the gut microbiota modulation Tolulope Joshua Ashaolu 1,2 Received: 10 June 2020 / Revised: 15 July 2020 / Accepted: 21 July 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The balance of protein, carbohydrate, and fat affect the composition and functions of the gut microbiota. The complexities involved thereof require insights into the roles and impacts of individual dietary components due to the difficulty of defining such in a group of others. Peptides and proteins from several animal and plant sources have been widely explored in relation to the gut microbiome modulation, but the effects of soy peptides and other soy derivatives on the gut microbiota are largely unexplored. This piece considered an overview of the production and interventions of soy bioactive peptides on gut, as they affect the composition and functions of the gut microorganisms. A mini review on the production of soy protein hydrolysates/peptides and highlights of the most recent knowledge regarding their physiological effects on host’s gut microbiota cum health were investigated. Overall deductions and research gaps were critically evaluated for futuristic interventions and relevance. Key points • Diet affects the composition of gut microorganisms. • Modulation of the gut microbiota by soy biopeptides is described. • Critical deductions on personal and commercial use are provided.
Keywords Gut microbiota . Diet . Soy protein . Bioactive peptides . Microbial metabolites . Immune process
Introduction The human immune system, metabolic process, and health are modulated by a plethora of microbes living in the gastrointestinal tract. Despite the fact that their mechanisms of action have not yet been ascertained, the gut microbiome is believed to influence the human health in all ramifications (Ventura et al. 2018). However, the gut and its microbiota play important roles in obesity and weight gain-loss (Rosenbaum et al. 2015), the hypo- or hypertension processes (Marques et al. 2018), chronic kidney disease (Sircana et al. 2019), and certain factors associated with cardiovascular disease. A change in the composition of gut microbiota has been linked to immune status changes (Rooks and Garrett 2016), health issues
* Tolulope Joshua Ashaolu [email protected] 1
Smart Agriculture Research and Application Team, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
2
Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
influenced by age (Clark and Walker 2018), allergy, inflammatory bowel disease, and asthma (Carding et al. 2015). Among all these studies, it became evident that certain factors are responsible for the make-up and functionalities of the gut microbiota (Marchesi et al. 2016). A recurring factor is diet, considered as probably the most significant modulator of the gut microbiome (Graf et al. 2015). Examples of microbiome modulating dietary elements include probiotics, prebiotics, macronutrients, and micronutrients (Wang et al. 2015
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