Space, Time, and Mechanics Basic Structures of a Physical Theory
In connection with the "Philosophy of Science" research program conducted by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft a colloquium was held in Munich from 18th to 20th May 1919. This covered basic structures of physical theories, the main emphasis being on the
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Absolute time, 25 Active transformation,162 Affine connection,139,218 Affine transformation,115 Albert of Saxony, 227 Aristotelian ideal of theory, 225 Avogadro's law, 177 Axiomatic basis, 4 Axiom system, 126 Base set, 127 Basis daomain, 4 Basis of experience, 106 Beam balance, 233 Benedetti, 227 Big bang, 219 Black hole, 219 Boost, 11 Buonamici, 227 Buridan J. 227 Cancer, 212 Canonical coordinate formulation, 134 Canonical invariance, 125 Carrol transformation, 100 Cauchy-prefilter, 116 Causality principle, 121 Chain, 117 Chainconnex, 118 Charge, 27 Circadian circle, 210
Class, organic, 198 physical, 198 Classical electrodynamics,
134
Classical kinematics, 149 Clock, 23 electromagnetic, 198 gravitational, 198 Cockroaches, 210 Coincidence relation, 92 Collision, non-elastical, 235 Collision law, 32 Collision theory, 21 special relativistic, 28 Concept, basic, 127 typified, 127 Concept of equivalence, 125 Concept of time, 195 Configuration space, 126 Congruence, spatial, 105 Conservation of linear momentum, 21, 31 Contact, 8 Constant curvature, 105 Conventionalism, trivial semantical, 193 Conventionality of spatial metric, 188 Coordinatefree method, 126 Coordinate system, 152 Course, periodic, 117 241
242
physically equivalent, 106 Course-spot, 108 Covariance, 125 Covering postulate, 116 Covering-small, 116 Criterion, dynamical, 235 geometrical, 235 globally uniform, 116 kinematic, 235 Criterion of invariant description, 190 Dalai Lama, 191 Deduction, 138 Definition, operative, 233 Dilatation, 115 Discorsi, 227 Duhem-Quine thesis, 173 Duration, 23 physical, 201 Einstein A., 23, 106,173, 206 Einstein's gravitational theory, 134 Einstein's postulate of general covariance, 145 Empirical equivalence, 180 Energy , internal, 21,31 kinetic, 21,31 rest, 21, 28 Energy conservation, 28,30 Energy conservation law, 21 Energy function, 21,28 Energy momentum, 22 Epicurus, 220 Euclidian distance, 112 Event, 21,93,108,196 Extensive system, 153
INDEX
Extrapolation, idealized, 20 Fact, real, 5 possible, 5 Filter, 116 Five-vector, 22 Forces, differential, 173 universal, 173 Form of pure sensible intuition, 1 Four-momentum, 32 Free particle, 23 Galileo, 133, 227 Galileo-Newtonian kinematics, 21 Galileo-transformation, 112 Gauge invariance, 177 Gauge transformation, 180 Gauss, 225 General principle of relativity, 207 General relativistic spacetime, 121 General theory of relativity, 195 Geometry, absolute, 192 Euclidian, 1,105,195,225 non-Euclidian, 105,195 Riemannian, 195 Global coordinate manifold, 132 Group, Galilean, 24,88,112 topological, 115 Hausdorff space, 117 Heart-beat, 198
INDEX
Helmholtz H.v.,105,171 Hilbert D., 225 Holism, 173 Huyghens Ch., 21,27,228 Idealization, 16 Ideation, 16 Impetus theory, 227 Inertial frame, 21 Inertial system, 92 Intended application, 177 Internal state, 26, 31 Intrinsicly invariant, 132 Invariance, 125 Invariance of all physical laws, 172 Invariance structure, 105 Irreducibility, 126 Isomorphism, 128 Isotropy, 106 Isotropy cone, 119 Kant E., 195 Kernel, 114 Kinematical automorphism, 95 Ki
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