Space Weather Monitoring by Ground-Based Means PC Index
This book demonstrates that the method, based on the ground polar cap magnetic observations is a reliable diagnosis of the solar wind energy coming into the magnetosphere Method for the uninterruptive monitoring of the magnetosphere state (i.e. spac
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Oleg Troshichev and Alexander Janzhura
Space Weather Monitoring by Ground-Based Means PC index
Published in association with
Praxis Publishing Chichester, UK
Professor Oleg Troshichev Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute St. Petersburg Russia
Dr Alexander Janzhura Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute St. Petersburg Russia
SPRINGER-PRAXIS BOOKS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
ISBN 978-3-642-16802-4 e-ISBN 978-3-642-16803-1 DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-16803-1 Springer Heidelberg Dordrecht London New York Library of Congress Control Number: 2011933665 © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2012 This work is subject to copyright, All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse off illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Violations are liable to prosecution under the German Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc.in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use Cover design: Jim Wilkie Project copy editor: Rachael Wilkie Typesetting: David Peduzzi Printed on acid-free paper Springer is a part of Springer Science + Business Media (www.springer.com)
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Contents
List of figures ..................................................................................................................... x List of tables................................................................................................................. xviii List of abbreviations and acronyms ............................................................................ xix About the authors ....................................................................................................... xxiii 1
Introduction ............................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Reference .............................................................................................................. 2
2
Physical background (historical outline) ................................................................ 3 2.1 Polar geomagnetic disturbances influenced by solar wind ............................ 3 2.2 Structure of electric fields in polar ionosphere ............................................... 6 2.3 Magnetospheric field-aligned currents ........................................................... 8 2.4 Relation of field-aligned currents to aurora and particle precipitation ......... 10 2.5 Model computations of field-aligned currents and ionospheric electric field and currents ....................................................
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