Spatial and Numerical Methodologies on Coastal Erosion and Flooding Risk Assessment
In the last decades the combination of an increasing human occupation along the coast combined with an anticipated intensification in the frequency of meteorological extreme events stimulated the development of different methodological alternatives to ass
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Spatial and Numerical Methodologies on Coastal Erosion and Flooding Risk Assessment Jarbas Bonetti, Antonio Henrique da Fontoura Klein, Mariela Muler, Clarissa Brelinger De Luca, Guilherme Vieira da Silva, Elı´rio E. Toldo Jr., and Mauricio Gonza´lez
Abstract In the last decades the combination of an increasing human occupation along the coast combined with an anticipated intensification in the frequency of meteorological extreme events stimulated the development of different methodological alternatives to assess and predict coastal risk. Conceptually, a global risk analysis may involve susceptibility and vulnerability, in both temporal and spatial scales, with the goal of identifying critical hazard areas. In this work, two different analytical approaches are presented within the perspective of their future integration: spatial analysis based on Geographic Information Systems and numerical modeling. In the first approach, individual information layers associated with various themes (e.g. backshore landforms, backshore altitude, shoreline displacement, shoreline exposure to wave incidence and man-made structures at risk) were integrated and allowed the development of a numerical index of coastal vulnerability. In order to define inundation levels, a wave run-up study integrated numerical modeling and in situ measurements, allowing the recognition of sensible variations J. Bonetti (*) • A.H. da Fontoura Klein • M. Muler Coastal Oceanography Laboratory, Department of Geosciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Floriano´polis, SC CEP 88040-900, Brazil e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] C.B. De Luca Coastal & Port Engineering Master Program, University of Cantabria, 39005 Santander, Cantabria, Spain e-mail: [email protected] G.V. da Silva • E.E. Toldo Jr. Centro de Estudos de Geologia Costeira e Oceaˆnica – CECO, Instituto de Geocieˆncias – IG, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul – UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS CEP 91509 900, Brazil e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] M. Gonza´lez Instituto de Hidra´ulica Ambiental “IH Cantabria”, Universidad de Cantabria, C/Isabel Torres No. 15, Parque Cientı´fico y Tecnolo´gico de Cantabria, 39011 Santander, Spain e-mail: [email protected] C.W. Finkl (ed.), Coastal Hazards, Coastal Research Library 6, 423 DOI 10.1007/978-94-007-5234-4_16, # Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2013
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along an embayed beach. Finally, an erosional hot spot area was investigated by calculating longshore sediment transport rates. For this, a numerical model of wave propagation defined the coastal wave climate and the average sediment budget was determined in the surf zone. The three case studies of beaches with historical sensibility to erosion and storm surge flooding presented a very good correlation with reality.
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Introduction
During the last few decades there has been an increase in the frequency and intensity of natural disasters (Freeman et al. 2003). Events such as floods and storms seem
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