Natural Hazard Risk Assessment and Management Methodologies Review: Europe
In the last decade, Europe-wide natural hazards have accounted for large numbers of the most serious causes of mortality; this death toll accompanies several billions of euros in damages. These facts support the need to reduce natural hazard impacts on th
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Natural Hazard Risk Assessment and Management Methodologies Review: Europe G.T. Cirella, E. Semenzin, A. Critto, and A. Marcomini
Abstract In the last decade, Europe-wide natural hazards have accounted for large numbers of the most serious causes of mortality; this death toll accompanies several billions of euros in damages. These facts support the need to reduce natural hazard impacts on the European territory in which, by in large, are going to augment in the future primarily due to climatic change and inappropriate land use management. In this context risk assessment and management through appropriate prevention and protection measures play fundamental roles in redefining natural hazard occurrences, risk areas prone to these events and reducing future phenomena at all levels. To better integrate the contextual role of risk assessment and management a descriptive state of the art based on scientific publications reviewed from 2000 to present is broken down into two domain types: hydrometeorological and geophysical hazard events. A comparative examination draws potential viewpoints on choice of methodology which largely depends on the considered area and addressed target. Focus is put on analysing the prevention, protection and preparedness principle in which can define conclusive technical development; based on the results, some conclusions are drawn to support further developments at the knowledge-base level.
16.1 Introduction In the last decade natural hazards have been one of the most serious causes of unintentional death Europe-wide, triggering billions of euros in damages. It has been estimated that floods alone produced over 700 fatalities and at least half a million persons have been evacuated since 1998; more than 25 billion euros of G.T. Cirella () • E. Semenzin • A. Critto • A. Marcomini Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, University Ca’ Foscari Venice, Venice, Italy e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] I. Linkov (ed.), Sustainable Cities and Military Installations, NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C: Environmental Security, DOI 10.1007/978-94-007-7161-1 16, © Springer ScienceCBusiness Media Dordrecht 2014
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economic losses and invaluable socio-economic potential future losses have affected much of Central Europe, especially countries that interlink with the large rivers of the Danube, Elbe and Rhine [10]. Climatic alteration and inappropriate land use management continue to augment this impact which further underlines the need to reduce consequential effects [13]. It is evident the need to support the reduction of natural hazard impacts on the European territory interrelates with risk assessment and management as fundamental steps in defining risk prone areas and reducing potential impacts regardless of the authority in charge or stakeholder awareness. Through appropriate prevention and protection measures natural hazard impacts can reduce the threat to economic assets, society and envir
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