Spatial-temporal analysis of precipitation characteristics in Artvin, Turkey
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Spatial-temporal analysis of precipitation characteristics in Artvin, Turkey Olgu Aydin 1,2
&
Nussaibah Begum Raja 1,3
Received: 16 March 2020 / Accepted: 23 July 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The region of Artvin, located in the northeast of Turkey, usually experiences high-intensity precipitation events that occur within a short-time period. Along with other environmental impacts, these events also lead to flash floods in this region. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the changing spatial and temporal characteristics of precipitation on August 24, 2015 and November 11 to 12, 2015 that triggered flash floods and landslides in Artvin. We apply spatiotemporal (ST) kriging as a tool to investigate these ST patterns. The average hourly precipitation data were used, taking episodes of heavy rainfall into account. Our results show that precipitation reached the highest values of 30–50 mm between 8:00 and 9:00 pm in the Hopa district on August 24, 2015. On November 11, 2015, rainfall values reached ≥ 15 mm at 4:00 PM in the Borçka district. During both events occurred on November 12, 2015, it rained for 7 h continuously with precipitation values ranging between 5 and 10 mm. The duration of the precipitation lasted for 8 h. In addition, flood events also occurred in the districts of Arhavi and Murgul. This highlights that these districts are vulnerable in the Artvin region and paves the way for decision-makers to implement measures against flash floods in these at-risk districts. In conclusion, the analysis of spatiotemporal characteristics of heavy rainfall events represents an indispensable basis to ensure that necessary precautions regarding flash flood events in the city are taken. Keywords Precipitation characteristics . Flood events . Space and temporal . Kriging . Artvin
1 Introduction There has been a significant increase in both the frequency and intensity of extreme precipitation episodes as well as their associated disasters in Turkey (Önol and Unal 2014; Kömüşçü et al. 1998; Kotroni et al. 2006; Kömüşcü and Çelik 2013; Baltaci 2017; Baltacı 2018). Over the last decade, precipitation-related hazards, including floods and landslides, have become a recurrent phenomenon (Yilmaz et al. 2012; Yucel and Onen 2014). The regions along the Black Sea and Aegean coasts are especially at high risk with regards to * Olgu Aydin [email protected] 1
Department of Geography, Faculty of Languages History and Geography, Ankara, Turkey
2
Coğrafya Bölümü, Ankara Üniversitesi Dil ve Tarih, Coğrafya Fakültesi, 4. Kat No: 414, 06100, Sıhhıye, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
3
Geozentrum Nordbayern, Friedrich-Alexander University, Nuremberg, Germany
flooding events. Floods in these regions are mainly due to a combination of heavy rainfall and geomorphological features (Gürer 1996, 1998; Kömüşçü et al. 1998; Kotroni et al. 2006; Kömüşcü and Çelik 2013; Baltaci 2017; Baltacı 2018). Changes in the frequency and intensity of precipitation have led to an increasing numb
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