Analysis of energy efficiency obligation scheme implementation in Turkey
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Analysis of energy efficiency obligation scheme implementation in Turkey Rabia Cin
&
Ebru Acuner
&
Sermin Onaygil
Received: 23 October 2019 / Accepted: 18 November 2020 # The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V. part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract To achieve energy efficiency and to develop supporting policy tools have become priorities worldwide. In this respect, one of the important energy efficiency policy tools is Energy Efficiency Obligation Scheme (EEOS). Turkish Government, dealing with regulations about energy efficiency since 2007, has placed EEOS in the current agenda in parallel with the global improvements. The authorities agree that EEOS could be a proper mechanism for Turkey to achieve its targets on energy efficiency. This study aims to propose a possible basic EEOS structure for Turkey as well as to present a comparative analysis of the design and implementation of the EEOS’s best practices and key issues. Hence, in addition to the review of the EEOS, currently active in the European Union (EU), proper alternatives for Turkish EEOS were enlightened through expert analysis. In order to evaluate the expert opinions, Bayesian Belief Network (BBN) is implemented as a framework for uncertainty. The possible basic structure of Turkish EEOS, involving responsible authorities, related parties, support mechanisms, and basic properties of the scheme, is constructed according to experts’ opinions. Related BBN analysis reveals the success probability of this structure as about 84%. Moreover, for the improvement of this success, the following implications can be considered from the best practices in the EU: the scheme must be compatible with the country’s specific R. Cin (*) : E. Acuner : S. Onaygil Energy Institute, Istanbul Technical University (ITU Ayazaga Campus), Sarıyer, 34469 Istanbul, Turkey e-mail: [email protected]
circumstances and have flexibility in application, promotive opportunities, and deterrent penalties and should be open for improvement. Keywords Energy Efficiency Obligation Scheme . Bayesian Belief Network . White certificates
Introduction Energy efficiency is a commitment reflecting sustainability comprising monetary saving, energy consumption reduction, environmental, and social benefits. In this respect, energy efficiency is a priority for countries willing to meet their energy policy goals according to global, international, and national agreements. Efficiency is central for making progress on decarbonization while also fostering energy security as well as economic, technical, and social developments, and it is recognized as the “first fuel” by the world (Rosenow et al. 2017). The EU is dedicated to develop a sustainable, competitive, secure, and decarbonized energy system. In 2007, the European Council adopted ambitious energy and climate change objectives for 2020 to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 20%, to increase the share of renewable energy to 20%, and to reach 20% energy efficiency as compared with 1990 levels. To make a signi
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