Spatio-temporal groundwater arsenic distribution in Central Mexico: implications in accumulation of arsenic in barley (
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Spatio-temporal groundwater arsenic distribution in Central Mexico: implications in accumulation of arsenic in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) agrosystem Noé Saldaña-Robles 1 & Cesar Damián-Ascencio 2 & Abner Gutiérrez-Chávez 3 & Gabriela Zanor 4 & Ricardo Guerra-Sánchez 5 & Israel Herrera-Díaz 1 & Adriana Saldaña-Robles 1 Received: 5 May 2020 / Accepted: 18 October 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract In the present work, a spatio-temporal study of arsenic (As) concentration in groundwater and its impact in barley uptake is presented. The impact of As on barley is studied through the determination of its bioaccumulation in the soil-plant system, As uptake, as well as a correlation between As concentration in water and its temperature in the groundwater. For the groundwater, spatial and temporal variability of As concentration in central Mexico was determined through a geostatistical analysis using ordinary kriging. The results show that the variability of As in the ground water is correlated with its temperature (R2 > 0.83). The As accumulation in the structures of plant follows the order root > leaf > ear in concentration. The bioaccumulation factor BAFT suggests that As is mobilized to the aerial parts of the barely for both As concentrations used in the irrigation water. However, for As concentration lower than 25 μg L−1, the BAFT is lower than 0.57, suggesting that the amount of As in root is the same as that contained in the aerial parts; whereas, for higher As concentrations (from 170 to 250 μg L−1), the BAFT is around 0.92, indicating that the As is mainly contained in root. The spatial distribution of As concentration trend in groundwaters along the time is the same, which means high As concentration areas remain in the same groundwaters and these areas are presenting the highest water temperature. These results shall contribute to understand the bioaccumulation of As in barley and the As spatial variability in central Mexico. Keywords Arsenic . Bioaccumulation . Ordinary kriging
Nomenclature AME Absolute mean error As-DW As disposable in water
Responsible Editor: Elena Maestri * Adriana Saldaña-Robles [email protected] 1
Department of Agricultural Engineering, Universidad de Guanajuato, 36500 IrapuatoGTO, México
2
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universidad de Guanajuato, 36886 Salamanca, GTO, Mexico
3
Department of Veterinary and Zootechny, Universidad de Guanajuato, 36500 Irapuato, GTO, Mexico
4
Department of Environmental Sciences, Universidad de Guanajuato, 36500 Irapuato, GTO, Mexico
5
Department of Environmental Sciences, CIATEC, 37454 Leon, GTO, Mexico
As-TDW As-TP BAFT BAFTWE TF CA CB D.O.F. EC Eh FAO FVTM QA/QC ME NMX NOM OK OM P-DW
As water extractable Total As extractable in soil Bioaccumulation factor total Bioaccumulation factor water extractable Translocation factor Cropland A Cropland B Official Journal of the Federation Electric conductivity Redox potential Food and Agricultural Organization Transmexican Volcanic
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