Speciation and accumulation pattern of heavy metals from soil to rice at different growth stages in farmland of southwes
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Speciation and accumulation pattern of heavy metals from soil to rice at different growth stages in farmland of southwestern China Zhenming Zhang 1 & Xianliang Wu 1 & Qiusheng Wu 2 & Xianfei Huang 3
&
Jiachun Zhang 4 & Hui Fang 5
Received: 18 December 2019 / Accepted: 11 June 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Paddy rice, one of the most important food crops in Southeast Asia, is considered a main source of human exposure to heavy metal contamination because it efficiently accumulates heavy metals. In the present study, of Japonica rice grains, straw, roots, leaves, and husks and rhizosphere paddy soils (0–20 cm and 20–40 cm depth) were collected from Zunyi in northern Guizhou Province, China. The forms of heavy metals, including Cr, Cd, Pb, Cu, and Zn, in the two soil profiles were investigated using Tessier’s five-stage sequential extraction procedure. There was no heavy metal pollution in the study area based on the evaluation of the geo-accumulation index and the potential ecological risk index. Accumulation varied from one area to another, and the highest metal accumulation was found in the order of root > stems > leaves. The bioaccumulation factor (BCF) results revealed that during the grain-filling stage, the rice had high BCF values (> 1) for Cd and Zn. The target hazard quotient (THQ) of ingestion peaked for Cd and reached its minimum level for Zn in not only in adults but also in children. The THQ was ranked as Cd > Cu > Pb > Cr > Zn for both adults and children. The hazard index values for adults and children for the five heavy metals were 1.81 × 10−3 and 1.55 × 10−3, respectively, indicating that these metals have little effect on the human body. The lifetime carcinogenic risk values for local adults and children were 4.28 × 10−5 and 5.92 × 10−5, respectively, both of which were within the tolerable to acceptable risk range. In summary, obvious hazards for local adults and children were not observed in this study. Considering the total amount and chemical forms of Cd, it is necessary to notify the appropriate departments about the possible rice contamination caused by Cd in the soil. Keywords Paddy rice . Heavy metal . Tessier’s five-stage sequential extraction procedure . Geoaccumulation index . Potential ecological risk index . Bioaccumulation factor . Target hazard quotient
Zhenming Zhang and Xianliang Wu contributed equally to this work. Responsible Editor: Gangrong Shi * Xianfei Huang [email protected] * Jiachun Zhang [email protected] 1
Guizhou Institute of Biology, Guiyang 550009, Guizhou, China
2
Guiyang municipal Bureau of Ecological and Environment, Guiyang 550081, Guizhou, China
3
Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Information Systems of Mountainous Areas and Protection of Ecological Environment, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, Guizhou, China
4
Guizhou Botanical Garden, Guizhou Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou, China
5
College of agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou
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