Sustained effects of one-time sewage sludge addition on rice yield and heavy metals accumulation in salt-affected mudfla
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Sustained effects of one-time sewage sludge addition on rice yield and heavy metals accumulation in salt-affected mudflat soil Wengang Zuo 1,2 & Yanchao Bai 1,3 & Ming Lv 1 & Zehui Tang 1 & Cheng Ding 1 & Chuanhui Gu 4 & Yuhua Shan 1,3 Qigen Dai 2 & Min Li 5
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Received: 20 June 2020 / Accepted: 4 October 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract High-yielding and sustainable production of rice in salt-affected mudflat is restricted by high soil salinity. Although sewage sludge can be used for mudflat amendment especially soil salt reduction, the possibility of potential heavy metal contamination in sludge-amended mudflat especially under paddy cultivation remains unclear, which hinders the further utilization of sewage sludge. In this study, a field experiment was conducted in a newly reclaimed mudflat to assess the sustained effects of one-time sludge input with different addition rates (0, 30, 60, 120, and 180 t ha−1) on soil salinity, rice yield, and potential metal contamination under paddy cultivation. The results indicated that sewage sludge addition (SSA) significantly decreased soil salinity and increased soil fertility. The increasing SSA rates and amending years led to the gradual increase of rice yield in saltaffected mudflat. The maximum increases in rice yield were 125.1%, 124.7%, and 127.9% in 2016, 2017, and 2018, and the average annual increase in rice yield in sludge-treated mudflat was 1.7%. Sludge addition increased metals accumulation in mudflat soil and metals uptake by rice tissues except Cr, Cu, and Pb in rice grain. The maximum increments in metal concentrations in soil and rice plant all occurred at 180 t ha−1 sludge addition rate. However, the metal concentrations in rice grain were below the safety limits even in the treatment with the highest sludge addition rate. Metal concentrations in sludge-treated soil and rice plant showed downward trend during the 3-year trial, and the decreases in total amount of soil metals were mainly concentrated in the first amending year, accounting for more than 50%. In summary, one-time sludge input achieved sustained mudflat amendment and efficient rice production. In addition, controlling the total amount of sludge input realized safe utilization of sewage sludge in salt-affected mudflat under paddy cultivation. Keywords Mudflat amendment . Salt-affected soil . Sewage sludge . Heavy metals . Rice . Sustained
Wengang Zuo and Yanchao Bai contributed equally to this work.
Introduction
Responsible Editor: Elena Maestri * Yuhua Shan [email protected] 1
College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, People’s Republic of China
2
Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crop/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, People’s Republic of China
3
Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing 210095, People’s Republic of China
4
School of E
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