Speed breeding in pea ( Pisum sativum L.), an efficient and simple system to accelerate breeding programs
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Speed breeding in pea (Pisum sativum L.), an efficient and simple system to accelerate breeding programs Federico Cazzola Enrique Cointry
. Carolina Julieta Bermejo
. Maria Fernanda Guindon
.
Received: 27 February 2020 / Accepted: 11 October 2020 Ó Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Time in breeding programs is a key factor. Shortening plant cycles allows to increase the efficiency of the programs. The objective of this work is to compare different rapid generation technologies on commercial varieties and then apply the most efficient on two segregating populations in order to develop a simple and low cost speed breeding system in pea. Three methods were evaluated. One completely in vitro that gave very poor results. An in vitro– in vivo system, which shortened the varieties cycles with an intermediate efficiency, and an in vivo method that also shortened the cycles and was selected for its greater efficiency (51–95%) and lower cost. It consisted in a hydroponic system, with a 22-h photoperiod supplied by fluorescent T5 tubes, a temperature of 20 ± 2 °C, flurprimidol antigiberelin and early grain harvest. This method applied to segregating populations presented higher efficiencies than the traditional SSD in the field achieving up to five generations per year. This system called Speed Breeding, includes a
F. Cazzola (&) C. J. Bermejo M. F. Guindon E. Cointry Ca´tedra de Mejoramiento Vegetal y Produccio´n de Semillas, Facultad de Cs. Agrarias, UNR, Zavalla, Santa Fe, Argentina e-mail: [email protected] F. Cazzola C. J. Bermejo M. F. Guindon E. Cointry IICAR-CONICET, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario, Campo Experimental Villarino, Zavalla, Santa Fe, Argentina
simple hydroponic system in a growth chamber, with controlled temperature and photoperiod, flurpimidol antigiberelin and anticipated grain harvesting. Does not require a high investment and allowed to increase the program efficiency significantly, reducing the necessary space (266 plants/m2), the costs and labor. Keywords Pea Speed breeding Rapid generation Flurprimidol In vivo method
Introduction Pea (Pisum sativum L.) is a major cool-season pulse crop and an essential component of sustainable cropping systems (Duc et al. 2010; Jensen et al. 2012). In 2017, dry pea represented the third most important pulse crop production after common bean and chickpea with 16.20 Mt produced worldwide (FAOSTAT 2017). Plant breeding based in conventional methods is a slow process. In fact, developing new varieties of crops such as pea needs a decade or more, using traditional methodologies. The method of single seed descent was born out of a need to speed up the breeding program by rapidly inbreeding a population prior to beginning individual plant selection and evaluation, while reducing a loss of genotypes during the segregating generations. The method allows the
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breeder to advance the maximum number of F2 plants through the F5 generation. This is
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