Hydrogen Sulfide (H 2 S) Mitigates Arsenic (As)-Induced Toxicity in Pea ( Pisum sativum L.) Plants by Regulating Osmoreg
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Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) Mitigates Arsenic (As)‑Induced Toxicity in Pea (Pisum sativum L.) Plants by Regulating Osmoregulation, Antioxidant Defense System, Ascorbate Glutathione Cycle and Glyoxalase System Abdulaziz Abdullah Alsahli1 · Javaid Akhter Bhat2 · Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni1 · Muhammad Ashraf3 · Parvaiz Ahmad1,4 Received: 29 July 2020 / Accepted: 14 October 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Arsenic (As) being a toxic metalloid adversely affects plant growth and yield, as well as poses severe risks to human health. Hydrogen sulfide ( H2S) has emerged a vital signaling molecule regulating key plant growth processes under stress conditions. However, till date little information is available regarding the role of H2S in mitigating As toxicity in pea plants. In the present study, the effect of externally applied H 2S and its scavenger hypotaurine (HT) on various morphological, physiological and biochemical parameters of pea plants was evaluated. Our results showed significant decline in root length (RL), shoot length (SL), dry biomass, photosynthetic parameters such as pigment content and gas exchange characteristics in pea plants subjected to As stress. However, H2S supplementation significantly decreased As accumulation in the roots and shoot, as well as considerably enhanced growth and photosynthetic parameters. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA) and electrolyte leakage (EL) increased significantly in the As-treated plants, while H 2S supplementation considerably reduced the levels of H2O2 and MDA as well as EL. Arsenic stress accelerated the activities of antioxidant and AsA-GSH cycle enzymes except that of CAT; however, the activities of these enzymes were found to be further increased by H2S supply including that of CAT. Furthermore, ascorbate (AsA), glutathione (GSH) and methylglyoxal (MG) levels were significantly enhanced by As stress, and were further intensified in the H2S-supplemented plants. Our results demonstrated significant role of H2S in reducing As accumulation and inducing upregulation of the AsA-GSH cycle to overcome ROS-mediated oxidative damage to the cellular components of pea plants. Hence, H 2S reduced oxidative damage and promoted growth of pea plants under As stress, suggesting an important role of H2S in plant priming. Keywords Arsenic toxicity · H2S · Pisum sativum · Growth · Oxidative stress · Antioxidants · Ascorbate glutathione cycle · Glyoxalase system
Introduction
* Parvaiz Ahmad [email protected]; [email protected] 1
Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saudi University, P. O. Box. 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
2
State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
3
University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
4
Department of Botany, S.P. College, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 190001, India
Heavy metal stress is recognized as an important constraint for
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