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Tropical Nephrology

Geraldo Bezerra da Silva Junior Elizabeth De Francesco Daher  •  Elvino Barros Editors

Tropical Nephrology

Editors Geraldo Bezerra da Silva Junior University of Fortaleza Fortaleza, Ceará Brazil

Elizabeth De Francesco Daher Federal University of Ceará Fortaleza, Ceará Brazil

Elvino Barros Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul Brazil

Original Portuguese edition published by Livraria Balieiro, São Paulo, Brazil, 2019 ISBN 978-3-030-44499-0    ISBN 978-3-030-44500-3 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-44500-3 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland

This book is dedicated to my wife, Ana, who taught me that the right to health is a fundamental right, that the neglected tropical diseases are not only a medical problem but a social problem, and that states and nations have a civil responsibility to control them. Also, I dedicate this book to all the patients affected by tropical diseases, who generously let us take care of them and voluntarily participate in our studies, contributing to the advance of this branch of science, which, as these diseases, is in some way neglected. Geraldo Bezerra da Silva Junior

Foreword

Since the publication of English naturalist Charles Darwin’s On the Origin of Species in 1859, it has been known that every living organism has a close relationship with its environment, through what Darwin termed “descent with modification” by the mechanism of natural selection, which was later to be called the theory of evolution. This is as true for multicellular organisms as it is for all others, at different adaptive velocities. This assumption suggests the nee