State-of-the-art review on recycled mussel shell waste in concrete and mortar
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REVIEW
State‑of‑the‑art review on recycled mussel shell waste in concrete and mortar Mohamed El Biriane1 · Mohamed Barbachi1 Received: 22 May 2020 / Accepted: 28 October 2020 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract Concrete is a building material consisting of a mixture of gravel, sand, cement, and water. It is one of the most widely used materials on earth. The concrete industry generates harmful effects on the environment. The cement industry is a testimony to the air pollution generated by greenhouse gases. The use of mussel shell waste as a substitute for concrete components is an alternative that may reduce the dependency on conventional natural materials. As a result, several scientific studies have been carried out to produce so-called ecological concrete. This article summarizes various scientific studies on the evaluation of mussel shells as a building material in concrete and mortar. First of all, the physical–chemical characteristics of the mussel shells will be treated. The influence of the incorporation of mussel shell waste on the fresh and hardened properties of formulated composites will then be discussed. The obtained results show that mussel shell waste can be used for nonstructural concrete or for mortar formulation. Keywords Mussel shell wastes · Concrete · Mortar · Physical–chemical and mechanical properties · Thermal behavior
Introduction Solid and liquid waste management from industries and agglomerations is a major concern for governments worldwide. There is considerable cost involved in treating this waste to reduce its environmental impact. In this context, waste recycling is a very promising alternative that can reduce their impact on the environment and create a socioeconomic-added value for the population. Marine waste such as seashells creates various forms of pollution. Bivalve mollusk production is about 10% of total world fisheries production, which corresponds to 26% of the total volume and 14% of total world aquaculture production value. The production of the world’s bivalve mollusks (including catch and aquaculture) has significantly increased over the last 50 years, from almost 1 million tonnes in 1950 to about 14.6 million tonnes in 2010 [1]. Aquaculture is the fastest-growing sector of food production with a significant evolution compared to other sectors. It provides about half * Mohamed El Biriane [email protected] 1
Laboratory of Mechanics, Energy and Environment Processes, National School of Applied Sciences, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir, Morocco
of the world’s seafood consumption. As an example, mussel aquaculture is an emerging activity which is ranked third on a global scale. China and Spain are leading the world production of this type of shellfish (Fig. 1) [2]. Seashell waste management is a major problem in some countries. In New Zealand, for instance, mussel shells are the major component of industrial waste. It represents 90% of each factory’s waste which is approximately 100,800 m 3 per year [3]. The negative impact of this waste o
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