State of the World 2015 Confronting Hidden Threats to Sustainability

We think we understand environmental damage: pollution, water scarcity, a warming world. But these problems are just the tip of the iceberg. Food insecurity, financial assets drained of value by environmental damage, and a rapid rise in diseases of animal

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SCIENCE | ENVIRONMENT

2015

STATE OF THE WORLD Confronting Hidden Threats to Sustainability “The State of the World nothing quite like it, and now comes another major contribution in the series.” —JAMES GUSTAVE SPETH, Author, “A cutting-edge compass for a sustainable future: no leader should be without it.” —THOMAS E. LOVEJOY warning lights on our dashboard are glowing.” —RICHARD HEINBERG, Senior Fellow, Post Carbon Institute

C onfronting Hidden tHreats to

SUSTAINABILITY

“Each year, we can count on State of the World —MATHIS WACKERNAGEL, President, Global Footprint Network

system. In State of the World 2015

THE WORLDWATCH INSTITUTE emerging threats. With the latest edition of State of The World light challenges we can no longer afford to ignore.

Washington | Covelo | London www.islandpress.org All Island Press books are printed on recycled, acid-free paper. Cover design by Maureen Gately Cover photo: Balanced stone pile, © alxpin, courtesy of iStockphoto.com

T H E WO R L D WATC H I N S T I T U T E

State of the World 2015

Confronting Hidden Threats to Sustainability

Other Worldwatch Books State of the World 1984 through 2014 (an annual report on progress toward a sustainable society) Vital Signs 1992 through 2003 and 2005 through 2014 (a report on the trends that are shaping our future) Saving the Planet

Power Surge

Beyond Malthus

Lester R. Brown Christopher Flavin Sandra Postel

Christopher Flavin Nicholas Lenssen

Lester R. Brown Gary Gardner Brian Halweil

Who Will Feed China?

How Much Is Enough?

Lester R. Brown

Alan Thein Durning

Tough Choices

Last Oasis

Lester R. Brown

Sandra Postel

Fighting for Survival

Full House

Michael Renner

Lester R. Brown Hal Kane

The Natural Wealth of Nations David Malin Roodman

Life Out of Bounds Chris Bright

Pillar of Sand Sandra Postel

Vanishing Borders Hilary French

Eat Here Brian Halweil

Inspiring Progress Gary Gardner

State of the World 2015

Confronting Hidden Threats to Sustainability

Gary Gardner, Tom Prugh, and Michael Renner, Project Directors Katie Auth Ben Caldecott Peter Daszak Heather Exner-Pirot Gary Gardner

François Gemenne Nathan John Hagens Tim Jackson William B. Karesh Elizabeth H. Loh Lisa Mastny, Editor

Washington | Covelo | London

Catherine C. Machalaba Tom Prugh Robert Rapier Michael Renner Peter A. Victor

Copyright © 2015 by Worldwatch Institute 1400 16th Street, N.W. Suite 430 Washington, D.C. 20036 www.worldwatch.org The State of the World and Worldwatch Institute trademarks are registered in the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. The views expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of the Worldwatch Institute; of its directors, officers, or staff; or of its funders. All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any means without permission in writing from the publisher: Island Press, 2000 M Street, N.W., Suite 650, Washington, DC 20036. Island Press is a trademark of Island Press/The Center for Resou