Status of water use and potential of rainwater harvesting for replacing centralized supply system in remote mountainous
- PDF / 3,993,056 Bytes
- 10 Pages / 595.276 x 790.866 pts Page_size
- 1 Downloads / 173 Views
GREEN TECHNOLOGIES FOR SUSTAINABLE WATER
Status of water use and potential of rainwater harvesting for replacing centralized supply system in remote mountainous areas: a case study Xuan Cuong Nguyen 1,2 & Thi Thanh Huyen Nguyen 1,2 & Xuan-Thanh Bui 3,4 & Xuan Vu Tran 1 & Thi Cuc Phuong Tran 5 & Nhung Thi Tuyet Hoang 6 & Duc Duong La 7 & Soon Woong Chang 8 & Huu Hao Ngo 9 & Dinh Duc Nguyen 8,10 Received: 23 March 2020 / Accepted: 5 October 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The failure of the centralized water supply system forced XY community to become more dependent on uncertain and unstable water sources. The results of surveying 50 households showed that 89.18% of total households depended on water collected from rivers, which contributed 58.3% of the total water volume used for the domestic demands. The average water volume consumed was 19.5 liters/person/day (l/p/d), and 86.5% of households used more than one source; 13.5% of households collected water only from rivers, and 45.94% of families had rainwater harvesting (RWH) for their activities (domestic water demand); however, RWH only provided 9.9% of total water consumption. In this study, basic methods were applied to calculate the storage tanks necessary to balance the water deficit created by drought months. Three levels of water demand (14, 20, and 30 l/p/d) can be the best choices for RWH; for a higher demand (40 and 60 l/p/d), small roof area (30–40 m2), and many people (six to seven) per family, RWH might be impractical because of unsuitable rainfall or excessively large storage tanks. Keywords Rainwater harvesting . Domestic consumption . Remote area . Optimal tank . Water sources Highlights • The status of current water use in remote mountainous areas is defined. • The average water volume consumed was 19.5 liters/person/day • 45.94% families had rainwater harvesting, but it provided only 9.9% of total demand • The quality of the rainwater tested was suitable for drinking purposes. • A rainwater-harvesting system was designed with different scenarios and variations. Responsible Editor: Philippe Garrigues * Dinh Duc Nguyen [email protected] 1
2
Center for Advanced Chemistry, Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam Faculty of Environmental Chemical Engineering, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam
5
Faculty of Environmental Engineering Technology, Hue University—Quang Tri Campus, Quang Tri, Vietnam
6
Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology and Education, 01 Vo Van Ngan Street, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
7
Instittute of Chemistry and Materials, Hanoi, Vietnam
8
Department of Environmental Energy Engineering, Kyonggi University, Suwon, South Korea
3
Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
9
Center for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
4
K
Data Loading...
