Delineation of potential sites for water harvesting structures using remote sensing and GIS
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Photonirvachak
J. Indian Soc. Remote Sens. (December 2008) 36:323–334
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Delineation of Potential Sites for Water Harvesting Structures using Remote Sensing and GIS M. Girish Kumar . A. K. Agarwal . Rameshwar Bali
Received: 12 February 2008 / Accepted: 20 September 2008
Keywords Rain water harvesting site suitability . Remote sensing . GIS
Abstract Availability of groundwater varies spatially and temporally depending upon the terrain. The scarcity of water affects the environmental and developmental activities of an area. Construction of small water harvesting structures across streams/ watersheds is gaining momentum in recent years. In the present study, potential sites for construction of rainwater harvesting structures in the Bakhar watershed of Mirzapur District, Uttar Pradesh, India have been identified by using remote sensing
M.G. Kumar1 . A.K. Agarwal2 . R. Bali1 () 1 Centre of Advance Study in Geology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow – 226007, India 2 Remote Sensing Application Centre, U.P. Janakipuram, Lucknow – 226021, India
e-mail: [email protected]
and GIS techniques. Various thematic maps such as Landuse/Landcover, geomorphology and lineaments, etc. were prepared using remote sensing. These layers along with geology and drainage were integrated using GIS techniques to derive suitable water harvesting sites. Each theme was assigned a weightage depending on its influence on ground water recharge (for example weightages 20,18,15,25,25 and 0 were assigned to geomorphology, landuse, geology, lineament, drainage and road and villages respectively). Each class or unit in the map was assigned a knowledge based ranking of one to four depending on its significance in storage and transmittance of groundwater, and these values were multiplied with layer weightage to form score. The average score for excellent region is greater than 200, for good 121 to 200, for moderate 81 to 121 and the other polygon having value less than 80 (excluding zero) were assigned to poor category. The final map showing different categories of suitability sites for water harvesting structures such as Check dams,
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Contour bunding, Recharge pits, Wells and Contour trenching have been suggested.
Introduction Water, one of the most essential resources in our day-to-day life is depleting faster in rural as well as urban areas mainly because of increase in agricultural and domestic demands. In water resources planning, ground water is attracting an ever-increasing interest due to scarcity of good quality sub-surface water and growing need of water for domestic, agricultural, and industrial uses. In a densely populated country like India, ground-water resource is in high demand. Continuous failure of monsoon, increasing demand and over exploitation leads to depletion of ground-water level, which in turn tends to increase both the investment and the operational costs. This problem could be sorted out to certain extent by artificially recharging the potential aquifers. In hard rock terrains, availability of g
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