Stem Cells and Cancer Stem Cells, Volume 2 Stem Cells and Cancer Ste

As in volume 1 of this series, this volume presents information on stem cells and cancer stem cells; Therapeutic Applications in disease and tissue/organ injury. Methodologies of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering are major components of this vo

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Stem Cells and Cancer Stem Cells Volume 2

For other titles published in this series, go to www.springer.com/series/10231

Stem Cells and Cancer Stem Cells Volume 2

Stem Cells and Cancer Stem Cells Therapeutic Applications in Disease and Injury Edited by

M.A. Hayat Distinguished Professor Department of Biological Sciences, Kean University, Union, NJ, USA

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Editor M.A. Hayat Department of Biological Sciences Kean University Union, NJ, USA [email protected]

ISBN 978-94-007-2015-2 e-ISBN 978-94-007-2016-9 DOI 10.1007/978-94-007-2016-9 Springer Dordrecht Heidelberg London New York Library of Congress Control Number: 2011933477 © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2012 No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher, with the exception of any material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)

“Although touched by technology, surgical pathology always has been, and remains, an art. Surgical pathologists, like all artists, depict in their artwork (surgical pathology reports) their interactions with nature: emotions, observations, and knowledge are all integrated. The resulting artwork is a poor record of complex phenomena.” Richard J. Reed MD

Preface and Introduction

It is recognized that scientific journals and books not only provide current information but also facilitate exchange of information, resulting in rapid progress in the medical field. In this endeavor, the main role of scientific books is to present current information in more detail after careful additional evaluation of the investigational results, especially those of new or relatively new therapeutic methods and their potential toxic side-effects. Although subjects of diagnosis, cancer recurrence, resistance to chemotherapy, assessment of treatment effectiveness, including cell therapy and side-effects of a treatment are scattered in a vast number of journals and books, there is need of combining these subjects in single volumes. An attempt will be made to accomplish this goal in the projected seven-volume series of Handbooks. In the era of cost-effectiveness, my opinion may be minority perspective, but it needs to be recognized that the potential for false-positive or false-negative interpretation on the basis of a single laboratory test in clinical pathology does exist. Interobserver or intraobserver variability in the interpretation of results in pathology is not uncommon. Interpretative differences often are related to the relative importance of the criteria being used. Generally, no test always performs perfectly. Although there is no perfect remedy to this problem, standardized classifications with written definitions and guidelines will help. Standardization o