Stratum Corneum Structure of Psoriasis Vulgaris Investigated by EPR Spin-Probe Method
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Appl Magn Reson (2013) 44:941–948 DOI 10.1007/s00723-013-0453-y
Magnetic Resonance
Stratum Corneum Structure of Psoriasis Vulgaris Investigated by EPR Spin-Probe Method Kouichi Nakagawa • Satoko Minakawa Daisuke Sawamura
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Received: 29 November 2012 / Revised: 3 March 2013 / Published online: 8 May 2013 Ó Springer-Verlag Wien 2013
Abstract Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spin-probe method was used to investigate structural aspects of psoriasis vulgaris SC (pv-SC). EPR spectra of the SC samples were analyzed using order parameter (S0) and rotational diffusion rates. A little, broad three-line pattern of 5-doxylstearic acid (spin probe) in pv-SC was observed. The spectral pattern of pv-SC is quite different from those of control SC reported. The S0 values obtained for the pv-SC and the control were approximately 0.20 and 0.49, respectively. The statistical analysis suggests that the 0.20 value of pv-SC is significantly smaller than the 0.49 value of the control (p \ 0.01). The rotational diffusion rates for the probe motion in the SC were faster than those of the control. Moreover, there was no spectral difference of the glass plate with the SC against the static magnetic field, except for the signal intensity. Therefore, the pvSC is less rigid of the structure than that of the control SC, indicating irregular architecture of pv-SC. The present results suggest that the EPR assay is of great use for evaluating various SC function and can be extended to other skin diseases with abnormal keratinization.
1 Introduction Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) is useful for elucidating structural aspects of stratum corneum (SC) [1–3]. Spectroscopic characterization of the outermost layer of the SC is an important subject in dermatology and cosmetology. The SC, a K. Nakagawa (&) Department of Radiological Life Sciences, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University, 66-1 Hon-Cyo, Hirosaki 036-8564, Japan e-mail: [email protected] S. Minakawa D. Sawamura Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki University, 5 Zaifu-Cyo, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan
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heterogeneous structure composed of corneocytes embedded in the intercellular lamellar lipid bilayer [4], acts as the main epidermal barrier against chemicals, oxidative stress, and regulating transepidermal water loss (TEWL) to prevent dehydration of viable cells underneath the SC. The measurement of TEWL is the most common method to estimate the state of the skin. However, the TEWL does not provide structural information about the lipid in the SC. EPR is a sensitive and non-destructive technique to measure the probe moieties in the lipid bilayers at ambient temperature [2, 3]. EPR could provide a useful index regarding the status of intercellular lipid region of the SC. Aliphatic spin probes in the SC will provide a useful index regarding the structure. It was suggested that aliphatic spin probe (5-DSA) was penetrated in lipids of SC with other penetration enhancers [5]. The structural values obt
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