Structural and humidity sensing properties of niobium pentoxide-mixed nickel ferrite prepared by mechano-chemical mixing
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Structural and humidity sensing properties of niobium pentoxide-mixed nickel ferrite prepared by mechanochemical mixing method L. P. Babu Reddy1, H. G. Raj Prakash1, Y. T. Ravikiran2, Sangappa K. Ganiger3, and V. Jagadeesha Angadi4,* 1
Department Department 3 Department 4 Department 2
of of of of
Physics, JNN College of Engineering, Shivamogga, Karnataka 577 204, India PG Studies and Research in Physics, Government Science College, Chitradurga, Karnataka 577 501, India Physics, Government Engineering College, Raichur 584 135, India Physics, P.C. Jabin Science College, Hubballi, Karnataka 580 031, India
Received: 24 August 2020
ABSTRACT
Accepted: 16 October 2020
The influence of Nb2O5 on structural and humidity sensing properties of NiFe2O4 (NF) that has been prepared using mechano-chemical mixing of nickel ferrite with niobium pentoxide [NDNF] was analyzed. FTIR and XRD techniques analyzed the compositional properties of NF and NDNF composites. The appearance of characteristic absorption bands in the FTIR spectrum of NDNF composite with a small shift of NF and Nb2O5 confirmed Nb2O5 interfacial interaction with NF. XRD studies have confirmed phase of the sample. The average crystallite size varies from 13.54 to 30.12 nm. SEM images confirms the particles are agglomeration. Changes in the distribution of grain and the rise in intergranular pores in the composite for adsorption of water are verified by electron SEM images. Increasing nanosized particle agglomeration and enhanced composite crystallization have been verified by TEM images and SAED pattern. The particles size was found to be 12.75 and 13.5 nm for NiFe2O4 and NDNF3, respectively. NDNF3 Composites display a good sensing response of 1190 compare to 6 of NF within the 11% RH – 97% RH range. The NDNF3 composite response and recovery times were 20 s and 30 s, while the NF response and recovery times were 100 s and 140 s, respectively. The sensing process was analyzed based on chemisorption, physisorption and capillary condensation mechanisms. Nanocomposite samples demonstrated stable sensing ability and low hysteresis for humidity. Niobium pentoxide plays a major role in improving Nickel Ferrite’s humidity sensing efficiency, therefore making the composite the best suitable for the use in humidity sensor devices.
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Springer Science+Business
Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
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https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-020-04701-z
J Mater Sci: Mater Electron
1 Introduction The enhanced scientific applications is essential in modern technology to build highly sensitive, steady and less expensive humidity sensors in order to control the humidity level to process the highly sensitive electrical circuits in electronics industries. There is a growing demand for smart humidity sensors in the field of food production, medical industries, storage industries, agriculture, meteorological industries, nuclear power plants, libraries, and museums [1–8]. Therefore, their economical importance has been growing t
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