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Structural health monitoring for polymer composites with surface printed MXene/ink sensitive sensors Bohan Li1 · Keming Ma1 · Shaowei Lu1   · Xingmin Liu1 · Ziang Ma1 · Lu Zhang2 · Xiaoqiang Wang2 · Sai Wang1 Received: 22 July 2020 / Accepted: 5 September 2020 / Published online: 17 September 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020

Abstract In this study, a novel sensor with high sensitivity and linear was prepared based on two-dimensional (2D) material (MXene) and ink, which can be used for deformation and damage monitoring of structural composites. The MXene was efficiently prepared by etching ­Ti3AlC2 powder with LiF–HCl solution and subsequent vacuum drying. The viscosity and adhesion of MXene/ink composites were controlled by changing the ratio of solvent (dimethyl sulfoxide) to ink. The MXene/ink was printed on the surface of the composite material to avoid forming defects in the composite material. The percolation threshold of the MXene/ink nanocomposite was relatively low, 3.6wt%. In this paper, MXene/ink composites with different contents were selected as the sensor, and the characteristics of the sensor were verified through monotone stretch and cyclic load-and-unload tests. When the MXene content just exceeds the percolation threshold (4wt%), the gauge factor (GF) of the sensor is higher, the results of monotonic tensile experiment show that there are two different sensitive stages of linear change (0 ~ 0.477%) and (0.477 ~ 1.37%), and the range GF is116.6 and 554.3, respectively. In addition, the linear relationship and sensitivity of the sensor remained stable after loading and unloading tensile tests. MXene/ink sensor has a broad application prospect in damage monitoring of aerospace structural composites. Keywords  Two-dimension materials (MXene) · Ink · Percolation threshold · Sensor · Strain

1 Introduction Fiber-reinforced polymer composites have become the most important structure materials in many advanced areas, owing to the excellent specific mechanical properties. The awareness of the structure integrity and the prediction of remaining life of components could avoid disasters or predict sudden failure of composites [1, 2]. New and improved methods for early detection of damage and structural health Bohan Li and Keming Ma authors contributed equally to this work and should be considered co-first authors. Shaowei Lu and Sai Wang authors contributed equally to this work and should be considered co-corresponding authors. * Shaowei Lu [email protected] 1



Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering at, Shenyang Aerospace University (SAU), Shenyang 110136, China



Faculty of Aeronautical and Astronautical Engineering at, Shenyang Aerospace University (SAU), Shenyang 110136, China

2

monitoring (SHM) of composite materials may allow for enhanced reliability, lifetime and performance while minimizing maintenance time during a composite part’s service life [3]. At present, strain sensors and optical fiber sensors have widespread use in various engineering fields