Structural, morphological, magnetic and spectral studies of Bi 3+ substituted YFeO 3 Nano-powders: Obtained by sol-gel s
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Structural, morphological, magnetic and spectral studies of Bi3+ substituted YFeO3 Nano-powders: Obtained by sol-gel synthesis Lokesh Suthar 1 & Falguni Bhadala 1 & Priyanka Kumari 1 & M. Roy 1 Received: 28 August 2019 / Accepted: 23 March 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Nano powders of Bismuth substituted Yttrium ferrite have been synthasized by standard Sol-Gel method with maintaining the pH level of solution at 9 on the pH scale. The X-ray diffraction spectra concludes that these materials are well crystallized and lie in the desired single orthorhombic phase. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) measurement suggests that each sample possesses a certain degree of homogeneity which follow increasing trend with enhanced doping concentration. EDAX measurement confirms the successful substitution of Bismuth for Yttrium cation site and also varify that the chemical compositions are in appropriate molar ratio which is consistant with the desired stoichiometry. Hysteresis loop recorded at 300 K indicates the antiferromagnetic nature of the prepared samples. The high value of coercivity (14 kOe to 24 kOe) predict their use in magnetic storage devices. The FT-IR spectra recorded in the fingerprint region (800 cm−1 to 400 cm−1) are showing various metal oxide bonds observed in the form of absorption bands. Keywords Perovskite . Nano powders . Coercivity . Squareness . Wavenumber
1 Introduction Synthesis and charectrization of nano sized materials have gain importance from last two decades due to the improvement/tunning of physical properties and its application in medical and various other branches of engineering fields [1–7]. Although the most common route for the synthesis of ceramic powder is the conventional high temperature solid state reaction route (SSR route), which requires high temperature heat treatment for an appropriate time and a lot of grinding which may be the cause of impurities sometimes. It is also very difficult to synthesize the ceramic powder of particle size in the nano meter range using SSR route. An adorable way to synthesize the nano sized particles is the Sol-Gel method which provides immense chemical and phase homogeneity [8–15]. Among ferrites, Yttrium ferrite possesses the wide diversity of technical applications in phase shifters, isolators, oscillators, optical insulator, magnetic recording media, spintronics, sensors, solid oxide fuel cells etc. due to its tunable physical properties [16–22]. As
* M. Roy [email protected] 1
Department of Physics, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, Rajasthan 313001, India
investigated by many researchers, Yttrium ferrite shows distorted perovskite structure. In the structure of Yttrium ferrite a super exchange magnetic intreaction is normally observed in between two Fe ions connected by an Oxygen ion. Since the iron moments are not perfectly antiparallel and a slight canting is present there which is responsible for small magnetization which yields the weak ferromagnetism in the compound [23]. The
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