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Synthesis, structural, optical, morphological and magnetic characterization of copper substituted nickel ferrite ­(CuxNi1−xFe2O4) through co-precipitation method Abdelmajid Lassoued1,2 · Mohamed Saber Lassoued1,3 · Fabienne Karolak2 · Santiago García‑Granda3 · Brahim Dkhil2 · Salah Ammar1 · Abdellatif Gadri1 

Received: 14 July 2017 / Accepted: 24 August 2017 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2017

Abstract  The ­C u xNi 1−xFe 2O 4 (x = 0.0, 0.2, 0.5, 0.8, 1.0) nanoferrite powder were synthesized through chemical co-precipitation method using only (­FeCl3, ­6H2O), ­(NiCl2, ­6H2O), ­(CuCl2, ­4H2O), NaOH and acid oleic as raw materials. The synthesized powder was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD); it was used to determine the structural properties. The transmission electron microscopy and the scanning electron microscopy were used to determine the morphology and particle size. The Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FT-IR) spectroscopy is used to deduce the structural investigation and confirmation of ferrite. Raman spectroscopy is used to verify that we have synthesized ­CuxNi1−xFe2O4 and determines their phonon modes. The thermo gravimetric analysis findings allow the thermal cycle determination of samples whereas differential thermal analysis findings allow the phase transition temperature identification. The optical study UV–Visible is used to calculate the band gap energies. The vibrating sample magnetometer was used to obtain the hysteresis parameters. In conclude, the XRD confirmed the single phase spinel structure. The lattice constant increased with the increased copper contents. The size of nanoparticles decreased with the increased copper contents. The magnetic property of the C ­ uxNi1−xFe2O4 * Abdelmajid Lassoued [email protected] 1



Unité de Recherche Electrochimie, Matériaux et Environnement UREME (UR17ES45), Faculté des Sciences de Gabès, Université de Gabès, Cité Erriadh, 6072 Gabès, Tunisia

2



Laboratory Structures, Properties and Modeling of Solids, Ecole Centrale Paris, CNRS-UMR8580, Grande Voie des Vignes, 92295 Chatenay‑Malabry Cedex, France

3



Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Oviedo-CINN, 33006 Oviedo, Spain

shows remarkable changes with change of ­Cu2+.The variation of copper substitution has a significant influence on the optical, grain size and magnetic properties. The mean crystalline size of the synthesized ferrite was in the range of 14–43 nm.

1 Introduction Ferrites have been investigated in the recent years by many researchers because of their unique dielectric, magnetic and optical properties. These ferrites are very important group of magnetic materials due to their extensive use in a wide range of applications from low to high permeability devices including electronics, magnetic drug delivery microwave devices, ferrofluid and high density information storage devices [1–5]. Ferrite based materials can be prepared using different methods viz. co-precipitation [6], sol–gel [7], combustion [8] and hydrothermal synthesis [9].The c