Structural, Optical, and Magnetic Properties of Pure and Vanadium-Doped NiO Microstructures for Spintronics Applications
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Structural, Optical, and Magnetic Properties of Pure and Vanadium-Doped NiO Microstructures for Spintronics Applications Ghulam Nabi 1,2 & Salsbeel Rehman 1 & Muhammad Bilal Tahir 1 & Nafisa Malik 1 & Raheel Yousaf 3 & Mudassar Maraj 1 & Muhammad Rizwan 1 & Muhammad Tanveer 1 Received: 26 June 2020 / Accepted: 19 October 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract In this paper, pure NiO and vanadium-doped NiO microstructures have been synthesized by adopting a hydrothermal route at a fix temperature of 150 °C. To know the effect of vanadium doping on the structure and morphology of synthesized materials, various characterization techniques were used. Different morphology and shapes have been observed in the SEM analysis which shows that vanadium doping influences the structure of prepared samples. The size of the microstructures decreases with the increase of V doping in NiO. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) confirms the presence of Ni, O, and V in pure and doped samples. XRD analysis described that NiO has a cubic structure. Photoluminescence (PL) results showed few defect-related peaks along with band edge emission, which are crucial for light-emitting diodes. Vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) studies reveal that these doped NiO particles exhibit ferromagnetic behaviors at room temperature which could be used efficiently in spintronics. Keywords Microstructures . Hydrothermal method . V-doped NiO . Photoluminescence . Ferromagnetic
1 Introduction In recent years, dilute magnetic semiconductors (DMS) have been broadly studied due to their fascinating potential applications in spin-dependent semiconductor devices that use both parameters of electron charge and spin [1–5]. High Curie temperature and high spin polarization of charge carriers are the main features of spintronic materials [6]. In this aspect, transition metal oxides (TMO) gained a lot of attention in the field of spintronic devices because of their tunable magnetic and * Ghulam Nabi [email protected] * Muhammad Tanveer [email protected] 1
Nanotechnology Lab, Department of Physics, University of Gujrat, Gujrat 50700, Pakistan
2
Research Centre of Materials Science, School of Material Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, People’s Republic of China
3
Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Gujrat, Gujrat 50700, Pakistan
optical properties [7, 8]. There have been appreciable efforts to design high Curie temperature–based dilute magnetic semiconductors (DMS) with various transition metal oxides, e.g., TiO2, ZnO, Fe2O3, Co3O4, NiO, MnO3, RuO3, SnO2, and V2O5 [7–10]. Nickel oxide (NiO) is one of the best semiconductor materials that are widely used in many fields such as fuel cell electrodes, gas sensors, photovoltaic devices, catalysts, dyesensitized photocathodes, and spintronic devices due to its amazing chemical, physical, thermal, and magnetic properties [11]. NiO is a p-type semiconductor having a wide band gap between 3.6 and
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