Study of effects of ignition improvers on ethanol compression ignition in the rapid compression machine
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(2020) 42:494
TECHNICAL PAPER
Study of effects of ignition improvers on ethanol compression ignition in the rapid compression machine Fernando Zegarra Sánchez1 · Ana Rosa Fonseca de Aguiar Martins2 · Carlos Valois Maciel Braga1 · Sergio Leal Braga1 · Franck Yves Turkovics3 · Renata Nohra Chaar Pradelle3 Received: 16 January 2019 / Accepted: 18 August 2020 © The Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering 2020
Abstract The world recognizes that the main source of energy used in transportation is diesel fuel because it is more economical and is also more efficient. For this reason, various sectors of transport and fuel production are developing new technologies aiming at the replacement of traditional fossil fuels by other renewable sources. In the current market, it is possible to find systems that run on blends of diesel and other renewable fuels and test systems that run on mixtures of ethanol and some other substance to reduce auto-ignition. To be able to use ethanol in compression ignition (CI) engines where diesel fuel is typically used, the poor flammability of ethanol under compression ignition conditions is the major problem to be overcome. The techniques used in trials with CI engines to correct this problem are preheating the air in the intake manifold, increasing the compression ratio or the addition of an ignition improver for ethanol. In this study, different tests were carried out in a rapid compression machine using ignition improvers derived from polyethylene glycol. Tests were conducted for different instants for the start of injection of the mixtures and different compression ratios. Keywords Ethanol-powered · Compression ignition · Ignition improvers
1 Introduction Petroleum, natural gas and their sub-products represent approximately 57% of the global energy consumption, and the renewables sources represent about 4% [1]. The utilization of alternative fuels for transportation purposes has several advantages such as the reduction of the dependency on fossil fuels as a source of energy and the reduction of Technical Editor: Fernando Marcelo Pereira, PhD. * Fernando Zegarra Sánchez zegarra@puc‑rio.br 1
Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica (DEM), Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro PUC-RJ, Rua Marquês de São Vicente, 225, Gávea, CEP: 22453‑900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
2
Departamento de Engenharia Química e de Materiais (DEQM), Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro PUC-RJ, Rua Marquês de São Vicente, 225, Gávea, CEP: 22453‑900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
3
Peugeot Citroën do Brasil Automóveis LTDA, Av. Nações Unidas, 19.707, Santo Amaro, São Paulo, SP CEP: 04795‑100, Brazil
global greenhouse gas emissions [2]. Bioethanol is the best alternative fuel for Otto engines, while biodiesel is used for diesel engines [3–6]. Recently, some studies have considered the utilization of alcohols (methanol, ethanol, butanol and others) in diesel engines through total or partial substitution of diesel oil [7–16]. Using this fuel in a compression ignition (
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