The Performance and Emissions Investigations of Compression Ignition (CI) Engine Using Algal Biomass as an Antioxidant A
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
The Performance and Emissions Investigations of Compression Ignition (CI) Engine Using Algal Biomass as an Antioxidant Additive in Coconut and Karanja Methyl Esters Ganesh Babu Katam1 Ganesh S. Warkhade1
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Veeresh Babu Alur1 • Madhu Murthy Kotha1
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Received: 1 November 2017 / Revised: 24 April 2019 / Accepted: 24 May 2019 The National Academy of Sciences, India 2019
Abstract The day-to-day human needs are strongly associated with the transportation and industrial sectors, which are influencing to deplete fossil fuel reserves. At this situation, the use of biodiesel in an efficient way is the only practical alternative to run compression ignition engines. The biodiesels fuel-borne oxygen may reduce carbon monoxide (CO), unburnt hydrocarbons (HC), and smoke emissions but increase carbon dioxide (CO2) and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emissions. The scientists and researchers are starving to improve engine performance by reducing the most harmful NOx emissions. Because of this, the author has investigated naturally aspirated single-cylinder unmodified direct injection compression ignition (DICI) engine. Two grams of mixed culture algal biomass particles are added in highly saturated coconut and unsaturated Karanja biodiesel fuels. The brake thermal efficiency of algal particles-emulsified fuels increased due to the explosion of biodiesel-surrounded algal particles after attaining autoignition temperature. The reduction in NOx emissions is noticed with algal particles-emulsified fuels because the particles absorb heat from the combustion chamber.
& Ganesh Babu Katam [email protected] Veeresh Babu Alur [email protected] Madhu Murthy Kotha [email protected] Ganesh S. Warkhade [email protected] 1
Mechanical Engineering Department, NIT Warangal, Warangal 506 004, India
Keywords Additive Microalgae Biomass Biodiesel Diesel Engine Emissions Performance
1 Introduction Among all other sectors, the transportation was only contributing around 27% GHG emissions after electricity that is 43% [1, 2]. The people are more attractive to own diesel engines due to their lower operating cost, even though their initial investment is high. The diesel engines play a significant role on the road and off-road transportation applications. These are economical in fuel consumption as well as its active power generation and emit less green house gas (GHG) emissions into the environment than gasoline engines [3]. Due to the increase in crude oil price, the scientists and researchers are attempting to find viable diesel fuel alternatives. After the first attempt of Rudolf Diesel (1890s), in the Second World War, the vegetable oils are directly used to run diesel engines [4]. Excluding oils having higher kinematic viscosity, the other physicochemical properties are acceptable to run diesel engines. The oils’ higher viscosity causes improper fuel injection, atomization, vaporization, and carbon formation at nozzle holes [5]. Among all, the transesterification was the best method to red
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