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Study on Antiviral Activity of Two Recombinant Antimicrobial Peptides Against Tobacco Mosaic Virus Mohammad Ali Sabokkhiz 1 & Abbas Tanhaeian 2 & Mojtaba Mamarabadi 3

# Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2019

Abstract Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are generally small peptides with less than 50 amino acid residues, which have been considered as the first line of defense system in plants and animals. These small cationic peptides belong to a family of antimicrobials that are multifunctional effectors of innate immunity. The direct antimicrobial activity of AMPs against different bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites has been confirmed in different studies. In this study, the antiviral activity of two recombinant AMPs named thanatin and lactoferricin+lactoferrampin was evaluated against Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) using half-leaf and leaf disk methods under in vivo and in vitro condition, respectively. The obtained result indicated that both recombinant AMPs have shown an antiviral activity against TMV. Compared to the chimeric lactoferricin+lactoferrampin, recombinant thanatin showed a higher rate of antiviral activity against TMV. Three types of effects, including protective, curative, and inactivation, were evaluated during an antiviral activity test. In the present study, the antiviral activity of two recombinant AMPs is represented for the first time: thanatin and chimeric lactoferricin+lactoferrampin against TMV as a viral plant pathogen. Keywords Thanatin . Lactoferricin . Lactoferrampin . TMV . Plant viruses . Disease control

Introduction Numerous diseases caused by different viruses, bacteria, and fungi in plants result in losses and a decrease in the quality and quantity of agricultural products. Plant disease control relies mostly on the application of chemical pesticides that are currently subjected to strong restrictions and regulatory requirements [1]. Virus control is generally tough and has devastating effects on organisms. Although plant viruses possess relatively small genomes, they are highly considered diverse and use a variety of strategies to multiply and to spread both through Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s12602-019-09539-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Mojtaba Mamarabadi [email protected] 1

Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran

2

Department of Biotechnology and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran

3

Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran

and among plants. In addition to genetic diversity, plant viruses are also difficult to be controlled due to their ecology and their transmission by a great variety of invertebrate organisms. Thus, intensive chemical control of their vectors is not always a suitable option. Nowadays, the public’s request for ecologically acceptable control a