Study on the Impact Characteristics of Submerged CO 2 and O 2 Mixed Injection (S-COMI) in EAF Steelmaking
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UCTION
INTENSIFYING oxygen supply is an important part of the smelting method used in modern electric arc furnace (EAF) steelmaking. This reduces the overall power consumption by enhancing the input of chemical energy into the EAF molten bath, which can also accelerate the fluid flow in the molten bath and improve the metallurgical reactions.[1,2] Generally, oxygen lances, including coherent jets and conventional supersonic oxygen jets, are installed on the EAF oven wall above the molten bath, and, as a result, part of the oxygen is not absorbed by the molten bath due to the fast attenuation of the supersonic oxygen jet.[3,4] Recently GUANGSHENG WEI, RONG ZHU, KAI DONG, and XUETAO WU are with the School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, P.R. China, and also with the Beijing Key Laboratory of Research Center of Special Melting and Preparation of High-end Metal Materials, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, P.R. China. Contact e-mail: [email protected] TIANPING TANG is with the School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing. Manuscript submitted July 20, 2018.
METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS B
in China, a new oxygen-supplying technology in EAF steelmaking was proposed using submerged CO2 and O2 mixed injection (S-COMI)[5] that can deliver oxygen into the molten steel directly. Because the chemical reactions between CO2 and [C] or [Fe] in the molten steel are endothermic, the CO2 gas in the mixed injection acts as a coolant to prolong the service life of the submerged injector by reducing the fire-spot temperature.[6] The impact characteristics of oxygen jets have been widely studied, though they mainly focus on the oxygen jet above the molten bath, such as coherent or conventional supersonic jets. Theoretical modeling, water model experiments, and numerical simulations are widely used to study the impact cavity of coherent and conventional supersonic jets under different operating conditions.[7–11] However, in EAF steelmaking, S-COMI is a new technology and few studies have reported on impact characteristics of the submerged gas jet in an EAF. G. A. Irons analyzed the mechanism of bubble formation at nozzles in pig iron and built a mathematical description model of the initial bubble size; however, the effect of bubble break-up was not taken into account.[12] Bottin carried out a water model experimental study of gas penetration depth for a submerged side-blown equipment with a lower gas flow rate and developed a novel empirical equation using a MATLAB digital image
processing algorithm.[13] Oryall used a water model and an electro resistivity probe to measure the gas volume fraction and bubble frequency generated by a submerged gas jet to focus on the mechanisms of the jet breaking up and bubble formation.[14] Hoefele analyzed the results of the water model experiment to determine the dynamics of a gas jet discharging horizontally into a the liquid bath of a nicke
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