Subband Approach to Bandlimited Crosstalk Cancellation System in Spatial Sound Reproduction
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Research Article Subband Approach to Bandlimited Crosstalk Cancellation System in Spatial Sound Reproduction Mingsian R. Bai and Chih-Chung Lee Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Chiao-Tung University, 1001 Ta-Hsueh Road, Hsin-Chu 300, Taiwan Received 27 December 2005; Revised 1 May 2006; Accepted 16 July 2006 Recommended by Yuan-Pei Lin Crosstalk cancellation system (CCS) plays a vital role in spatial sound reproduction using multichannel loudspeakers. However, this technique is still not of full-blown use in practical applications due to heavy computation loading. To reduce the computation loading, a bandlimited CCS is presented in this paper on the basis of subband filtering approach. A pseudoquadrature mirror filter (QMF) bank is employed in the implementation of CCS filters which are bandlimited to 6 kHz, where human’s localization is the most sensitive. In addition, a frequency-dependent regularization scheme is adopted in designing the CCS inverse filters. To justify the proposed system, subjective listening experiments were undertaken in an anechoic room. The experiments include two parts: the source localization test and the sound quality test. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) is applied to process the data and assess statistical significance of subjective experiments. The results indicate that the bandlimited CCS performed comparably well as the fullband CCS, whereas the computation loading was reduced by approximately eighty percent. Copyright © 2007 M. R. Bai and C.-C. Lee. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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INTRODUCTION
The fundamental idea of spatial audio reproduction is to synthesize a virtual sound image so that the listener perceives as if the signals reproduced at the listener’s ears would have been produced by a specific source located at an intended position relative to the listener [1, 2]. This attractive feature of spatial audio lends itself to an emerging audio technology with promising application in mobile phone, personal computer multimedia, video games, home theater, and so forth. The rendering of spatial audio is either by headphones or by loudspeakers. Headphones reproduction is straightforward, but suffers from several shortcomings such as in-head localization, front-back reversal, and discomfort to wear. While loudspeakers do not have the same problems as the headphones, another issue adversely affects the performance of spatial audio rendering using loudspeakers. The issue associated with loudspeakers is the crosstalks at the contralateral paths from the loudspeakers to the listener’s ears that may obscure the sense of source localization due to the Haas effect [3]. To overcome the problem, crosstalk cancellation systems (CCS) that seek to minimize, if not totally eliminate, crosstalk have been studied extensively by researchers [4–9]. Methods of designing CCS are divided into two kinds
of appr
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