Spatial Sound and Virtual Acoustics
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Editorial Spatial Sound and Virtual Acoustics ¨ a, ¨ 3 Tapio Lokki,4 and Werner de Bruijn3 Ville Pulkki,1 Christof Faller,2 Aki Harm 1 Laboratory
of Acoustics and Audio Signal Processing, Helsinki University of Technology, P.O. Box 3000, 02015 TKK, Finland de Communications Audiovisuelles 1, Institut de Syst`emes de Communication, Facult´e Informatique et Communications, Ecole Polytechnique F´ed´erale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland 3 Digital Signal Processing Group, Philips Research Labs, 5656 Eindhoven, The Netherlands 4 Telecommunications Software and Multimedia Laboratory, Helsinki University of Technology, P.O. Box 5400, 02015 TKK, Finland 2 Laboratoire
Received 22 February 2007; Accepted 22 February 2007 Copyright © 2007 Ville Pulkki et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Spatial sound is a field which investigates the influence of room or whatever acoustical environment to the presented sound. It gathers different techniques to capture and (re)produce sound in a space for different purposes, and all issues concerning how humans perceive different attributes of sound which change depending on spatial characteristics of source, space, and listener. The audio technology has evolved to such level that many monaural characteristics of sound, such as frequency spectrum and temporal structure, can be reproduced with current microphones and loudspeakers with such good quality that a human observer cannot perceive difference between original and reproduction. However, many spatial characteristics cannot be reproduced transparently or be synthesized with perfect quality. The most important spatial characteristics are the direction and the distance of sound sources and the attributes of the room perceivable by humans. In this issue, some papers present new results in this field. A topic in technologies related to spatial sound has been of interest to some of the authors of this issue. When sampling spatial sound field using more than one microphone, more information can be extracted from differences between microphone channels. For example, capturing the sound with narrow spatial selectivity and estimation of direction of sound are common topics in this research. Virtual acoustics can be seen as a subtopic of spatial sound, and also as a subtopic of traditional acoustics. In it, the acoustics of an imaginary or real space is modeled computationally, and this model is further used to make the acoustics of the modeled room audible to a human listener. In interactive virtual acoustics, the listener can even change
his listening position and/or the modeled sound sources may change their position during listening. The topics of the papers in this special issue can be grouped roughly into five categories, which are presented next. Simulation and modeling of room acoustics One of the research topics relevant to spatial audio is the
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