Sugarcane mosaic virus infects Stenotaphrum secundatum in Australia
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Sugarcane mosaic virus infects Stenotaphrum secundatum in Australia Nga T. Tran 1
&
Ai Chin Teo 1 & John E. Thomas 1 & Kathleen S. Crew 1,2 & Andrew D. W. Geering 1
Received: 28 September 2020 / Accepted: 2 November 2020 # Australasian Plant Pathology Society Inc. 2020
Abstract This study presents the first report of sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV) infecting Stenotaphrum secundatum (buffalo grass) in Australia, from a turf farm in the Hunter Valley, New South Wales. The plant displayed mosaic symptoms and contained flexuous, filamentous virions of 700–750 × 10–11 nm typical of members of the genus Potyvirus. Infection of the sample by SCMV was confirmed by double antibody sandwich ELISA and RT-PCR amplification of the coat protein coding region of the viral genome. In a phylogenetic analysis, the buffalo grass isolate was sister to a clade of maize-infecting isolates of SCMV from eastern Africa and was 75.8% and 79.4% identical to the exemplar isolate of SCMV at nucleotide and amino acid levels, respectively. Keywords Potyvirus . Buffalo grass . St. Augustinegrass . Nucleotide sequence
Stenotaphrum secundatum (buffalo grass in Australia or St. Augustinegrass in the USA) is a hardwearing and vigorous warm season turfgrass species, thought to be endemic to the Atlantic coasts of the Americas and Africa (Sauer 1972; Busey 2003). It is the most important turf species in Australia based on the value of its production (Hort Innovation 2019). Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV), an aphid-transmitted virus in the genus Potyvirus, was first identified as a pathogen of S. secundatum in the Canal PointPahokee-Belle Glade sugarcane growing region of Florida in 1963 (Todd et al. 1964). SCMV was not considered a serious problem to the turf industry in Florida until an outbreak of a lethal necrosis disease occurred in 2013 on 50 residential lawns within a 10 km radius of the Bayway Isles community in south St. Petersburg (Harmon 2014; Harmon et al. 2015). Aside from the severity of the symptoms, this disease outbreak was notable as it represented the first record of SCMV on S. secundatum outside of the sugarcane growing region of southern Florida, and also occurred on cv. ‘Floratam’, the most popular cultivar in the State. * Nga T. Tran [email protected] 1
Centre for Horticultural Science, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Ecosciences Precinct, Dutton Park, Queensland 4102, Australia
2
Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Ecosciences Precinct, Dutton Park, Queensland 4102, Australia
SCMV has a worldwide distribution and infects several economically important monocotyledonous crops including maize (Zea mays), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) and sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) (Yang and Mirkov 1997; Wu et al. 2012). In Australia, there are three described strains of SCMV that are named after their primary natural hosts, namely sugarcane (S. officianarum), Sabi grass (Urochloa mosambicensis) and Queensland blue couch grass (Digitaria didactyla) (Teakle and Grylls 1973; Gough and
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