Sulfur dioxide exposure reduces the quantity of CD19 + cells and causes nasal epithelial injury in rats
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RESEARCH
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Sulfur dioxide exposure reduces the quantity of CD19+ cells and causes nasal epithelial injury in rats Ruonan Chai, Hua Xie, Junli Zhang and Zhuang Ma*
Abstract Background: Reactive airway dysfunction syndrome (RADS), also called irritant-induced asthma, is a type of occupational asthma that can occur within a very short period of latency. The study sought to investigate the influence of sulfur dioxide (SO2) exposure on CD19+ cells and nasal epithelial injury. Methods: We investigated the effects of SO2 on CD19 expression and morphological changes of nasal epithelia in rats. In the study, 20 rats were randomly divided into the SO2 exposure group that were exposed to 600 ppm SO2, 2 h/day for consecutive 7 days, and the control group that were exposed to filtered air). Results: Inhalation of high concentration of SO2significantly reduced CD19 expression at both the mRNA transcript and protein levels, and reduced the percentages of CD19+ cells and CD19+/CD23+ cells in the nasal septum. However, inhalation of high concentration of SO2 did not affect immunoglobulin (Ig) G, IgA and IgE levels in the serum and nasal septum. More importantly, SO2 exposure also caused mild structural changes of the nasal septum. Conclusion: Our results reveal that inhalation of a high concentration of SO2 reduces CD19 expression and causes structural change of the nasal septum in rats. Keywords: Reactive airway, Dysfunction syndrome, Asthma, SO2, CD19
Highlights SO2 inhalation reduced the CD19 expression in
nasal septum SO2 exposure decreased the percentage of CD19+
and CD19+/CD23+ cells SO2 inhalation does not affect the IgG, IgA and IgE
levels
Background Reactive airway dysfunction syndrome (RADS), also called irritant-induced asthma, is a type of occupational asthma that can occur within a very short period of latency [1]. With intensive studies on the pathogenesis of asthma, a deep insight into RADS has been gained [2]. RADS is characterized clinically by asthma-like symptoms including cough, wheezing, chest tightness, * Correspondence: [email protected] Department of Respiratory Medicine, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Command, No. 83 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
and breathlessness. The symptoms of RADS usually occur within 24 h after exposure to high amounts of harmful gases [3]. RADS shares no features of immunology and allergy, which is distinct from classic asthma [4]. However, clinical manifestations of both RADS and asthma are very similar and both share common characteristics, especially airway hyperresponsiveness [5]. Therefore, RADS is thought as a type of occupational asthma, or an adult-onset asthma [6]. The exact cause of RADS is not yet known, but the syndrome is considered to be uncommon and recognized in less than one-fifth of workers with “occupational asthma” [7]. Sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions are mainly produced from industrial processes, including metal extraction from ores, power plants and refineries. Owing to its rotten-egg odour, sulfur dioxid
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