Human amniotic epithelial cells ameliorate kidney damage in ischemia-reperfusion mouse model of acute kidney injury
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RESEARCH
Open Access
Human amniotic epithelial cells ameliorate kidney damage in ischemia-reperfusion mouse model of acute kidney injury Yifei Ren1,2,3†, Ying Chen1,2,3†, Xizi Zheng1,2,3,4, Hui Wang1,2,3,5, Xin Kang1,2,3, Jiawei Tang1,2,3, Lei Qu1,2,3,4, Xiaoyan Shao6, Suxia Wang1,2,3,5, Shuangling Li7, Gang Liu1,2,3,4 and Li Yang1,2,3,4*
Abstract Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common clinical disease with complex pathophysiology and limited therapeutic choices. This prompts the need for novel therapy targeting multiple aspects of this disease. Human amnion epithelial cell (hAEC) is an ideal stem cell source. Increasing evidence suggests that exosomes may act as critical cell–cell communicators. Accordingly, we assessed the therapeutic potential of hAECs and their derived exosomes (hAECs-EXO) in ischemia reperfusion mouse model of AKI and explored the underlying mechanisms. Methods: The hAECs were primary cultured, and hAECs-EXO were isolated and characterized. An ischemicreperfusion injury-induced AKI (IRI-AKI) mouse model was established to mimic clinical ischemic kidney injury with different disease severity. Mouse blood creatinine level was used to assess renal function, and kidney specimens were processed to detect cell proliferation, apoptosis, and capillary density. Macrophage infiltration was analyzed by flow cytometry. hAEC-derived exosomes (hAECs-EXO) were used to treat hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R) injured HK-2 cells and mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages to evaluate their protective effect in vitro. Furthermore, hAECs-EXO were subjected to liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for proteomic profiling. Results: We found that systematically administered hAECs could improve mortality and renal function in IRI-AKI mice, decrease the number of apoptotic cells, prevent peritubular capillary loss, and modulate kidney local immune response. However, hAECs showed very low kidney tissue integration. Exosomes isolated from hAECs recapitulated the renal protective effects of their source cells. In vitro, hAECs-EXO protected HK-2 cells from H/R injury-induced apoptosis and promoted bone marrow-derived macrophage polarization toward M2 phenotype. Proteomic analysis on hAECs-EXO revealed proteins involved in extracellular matrix organization, growth factor signaling pathways, cytokine production, and immunomodulation. These findings demonstrated that paracrine of exosomes might be the key mechanism of hAECs in alleviating renal ischemia reperfusion injury. (Continued on next page)
* Correspondence: [email protected] † Yifei Ren and Ying Chen contributed equally to this work. 1 Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University Institute of Nephrology, Beijing 100034, People’s Republic of China 2 Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of China, Beijing 100034, People’s Republic of China Full list of author information is available at the end of the article © The Author(s). 2020 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Interna
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