Sulfur Distribution in Gasification Products of Car Tires
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USTION, EXPLOSION, AND SHOCK WAVES
Sulfur Distribution in Gasification Products of Car Tires V. M. Kislova, *, Yu. Yu. Tsvetkovaa, S. V. Glazova, M. V. Tsvetkova, E. N. Pilipenkoa, and M. V. Salganskayaa, b aInstitute
of Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Moscow oblast, 142432 Russia bMoscow State University, Moscow, 119991 Russia *e-mail: [email protected] Received January 9, 2020; revised January 9, 2020; accepted February 20, 2020
Abstract—The gasification of used tires in the filtration combustion mode is studied using calcium-containing additives, both chemically inert and those capable of absorbing sulfur. It is found that during the gasification of compositions with an inert additive, 28, 29, and 43% of the sulfur contained in the initial material passes into the ash, resin and gaseous products, respectively. The introduction of marble crumb as an additive increases the proportion of sulfur passing into ash by a factor of 1.5 and reduces the yield of pyrolysis resins in comparison with an inert additive. In this case, the distribution of sulfur between the solid, liquid, and gaseous products of gasification is 40, 26, and 34%, respectively. Keywords: gasification, filtration combustion, utilization, car tires, gasification products, desulfurization DOI: 10.1134/S1990793120040156
INTRODUCTION Sulfur is one of the problematic pollutants formed in combustion processes, since it is a part of many solid fuels and combustible industrial wastes. Used car tires are among the most common large-scale sulfurcontaining man-made wastes. In Russia, the annual number of retired tires is estimated at approximately 50 million. Given the steady growth of the car fleet in Russia, we should expect a corresponding increase in the number of used tires. The vast majority of used car tires in Russia traditionally end up in waste burial sites and various natural dumps, and only a small proportion is recycled. The accumulation of millions of used car tires is a significant environmental problem. Car tires and the materials from which they are made belong to hazard class IV (low hazard) and do not pose a serious threat to human health but they pose a very significant fire hazard. When these materials are burned in the open air due to the lack of an oxidizing agent entering the natural diffusion mode, products of incomplete combustion are emitted into the atmosphere. In addition to soot, benzopyrene, dioxins, furans, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls, and other substances classified among high hazard classes (I and II) enter the environment. Due to the high calorific value of rubber and its inability to absorb moisture, one of the attractive ways to utilize tires is to burn them with the utilization of the generated heat, provided that the emissions are environmentally friendly. Using old automobile tires as
fuel is not a new solution: in the United States, 41% of all used tires were disposed of in this way in 2001; and in Germany, 50% [1]. Modern technologies can reduce the
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