Technical Carbon from the Products of Thermolysis of Discarded Tires
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Journal of Engineering Physics and Thermophysics, Vol. 93, No. 6, November, 2020
TECHNICAL CARBON FROM THE PRODUCTS OF THERMOLYSIS OF DISCARDED TIRES G. I. Zhuravskii
UDC 536.246.2
Based on studies of the process of steam thermolysis of discarded tires, the possibility of obtaining a high-grade technical carbon and of other ingredients from thermolysis products for the production of rubber has been substantiated. The efficiency of using composite mixtures of liquid and solid products of the thermolysis of tires as a raw material for obtaining technical carbon is shown. Keywords: steam thermolysis, discarded tires, composite mixture, technical carbon, technological scheme. Introduction. At the present time, for reclamation of rubber-production waste and, in the first place, of discarded tires, various technologies and equipment are used based on mechanical grinding of tires and obtaining rubber crumb, combustion for energy production, pyrolysis for obtaining solid carbon products and resins, gasification, in the process of which fuel gases are mainly produced, thermomechanical dissolution on various hydrocarbon media, and production of building materials in the form of bitumens [1–3]. At the same time, none of the existing technologies provides for efficient processing of discarded tires proceeding from their power engineering, ecological, and financial indices. This is explained by the fact that as a result of the realization of these technologies, products appear that have very limited application in industry and cannot be used as a valuable chemical raw material. Moreover, the existing technologies do not ensure entirely wasteless processing and do not allow one to recover material resources expended on the production of rubber goods and, in particular, of new tires, i.e., are not resource-recovering [4, 5]. Precisely the creation of technologies ensuring the recovery of resources from different kinds of waste is an urgent problem at the present time whose solution will allow one to effectively solve the problem of wastes, without imposing additional loading on the surrounding medium. One of the ways of solving the problem of processing rubber-production wastes, including discarded tires, of obtaining ingredients for producing new goods from rubber, and of ensuring recovery of resources in the rubber-production branch of industry seems to be the application of the technology of steam thermolysis. Products of Steam Thermolysis of Discarded Tires. In the process of thermal decomposition of discarded tires gaseous, solid and liquid products are formed in the medium of superheated steam. An analysis of the gaseous products shows that they contain hydrocarbons, vapors of oils, steam, as well as hydrogen and carbon oxide. The mean specific heat of combustion of these products varies within the limits 28–32 MJ/kg depending on the thermolysis temperature. The yield of the gaseous products in thermolysis of discarded tires attains 12–20 wt.% depending on the initial composition of tires. The gaseous products of the the
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