Biosynthesis and metabolic actions of simple phenolic acids in plants
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Biosynthesis and metabolic actions of simple phenolic acids in plants Roge´rio Marchiosi . Wanderley Dantas dos Santos . Rodrigo Polimeni Constantin . Roge´rio Barbosa de Lima . Anderson Ricardo Soares . Aline Finger-Teixeira . Thatiane Rodrigues Mota . Dyoni Matias de Oliveira . Marcela de Paiva Foletto-Felipe . Josielle Abraha˜o . Osvaldo Ferrarese-Filho Received: 6 August 2019 / Accepted: 29 May 2020 Ó Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract The diversity of secondary compounds in the plant kingdom is huge. About 200,000 compounds are known, which are grouped into amines, nonprotein amino acids, peptides, alkaloids, glucosinolates, cyanogenic glucosides, organic acids, terpenoids, quinones, polyacetylenes, and phenolics. The group of phenolic compounds consists of polyphenols, oligophenols and monophenols or simple phenolic compounds such as benzoic and cinnamic acids and their hydroxylated derivatives. Among the thousands of compounds present in ecological interactions, simple phenolic acids are the most abundant in soils, and many are described as allelochemicals. Given the physiological and biochemical importance of these compounds, we review their biosynthesis and metabolic actions in plants. Keywords Allelochemicals Benzoic acids biosynthesis Benzoic and cinnamic acids Lignin Phenylpropanoid pathway Secondary metabolites Shikimate pathway
R. Marchiosi W. D. dos Santos R. P. Constantin R. B. de Lima A. R. Soares A. Finger-Teixeira T. R. Mota D. M. de Oliveira M. P. Foletto-Felipe J. Abraha˜o O. Ferrarese-Filho (&) Laboratory of Plant Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, University of Maringa´, Av. Colombo 5790, Maringa´, PR 87020-900, Brazil e-mail: [email protected]
Introduction Didactically, plant metabolism can be divided into two types: primary and secondary. The primary metabolism constitutes processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, the biosynthesis of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins, solute transport, nutrient assimilation and tissue differentiation, which are required for plant growth, reproduction and survival. Primary metabolites are chemical compounds derived from these processes and include amino acids, nucleotides, carbohydrates, fatty acids, and others. The primary metabolism is universal since it is found throughout the plant kingdom. Secondary metabolism constitutes processes such as the biosynthesis of phenylpropanoids, anthocyanins, alkaloids, coumarins, terpenes, tannins, glucosinolates, flavonoids and isoflavonoids, lignans and lignins, among others (Kutchan et al. 2015). Secondary metabolism varies between plant species because the profile of specific secondary metabolites varies between plant species (Shitan 2016). However, secondary compounds have attracted the attention of scientists due to the relevant chemical-biological importance. The chemistry of natural products is a clear example of the application of secondary compounds such as flavorings, perfumes, insecticides, herbicides, antibioti
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