Superconducting fault current limiter for railway transport
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ING CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS
Superconducting Fault Current Limiter for Railway Transport L. M. Fisher*, D. F. Alferov, M. R. Akhmetgareev, A. I. Budovskii, D. V. Evsin, I. F. Voloshin, and A. V. Kalinov National Technical Physics and Automation Research Institute, Varshavskoe sh. 46, Moscow, 115230 Russia *email: [email protected] Received February 28, 2015
Abstract—A resistive switching superconducting fault current limiter (SFCL) for DC networks with voltage of 3.5 kV and nominal current of 2 kA is developed. The SFCL consists of two seriesconnected units: block of superconducting modules and highspeed vacuum breaker with total disconnection time not more than 8 ms. The results of laboratory tests of superconducting SFCL modules in current limiting mode are presented. The recovery time of superconductivity is experimentally determined. The possibility of application of SFCL on traction substations of Russian Railways is considered. Keywords: superconducting fault current limiter, high temperature superconductor, DC breaker, recovery time of superconductivity. DOI: 10.1134/S1063778815140045
One of the promising methods of solving the prob lem of limiting shortcircuit currents is the creation of resistive current limiters based on hightemperature superconductors (HTSs) of the second generation [1]. A superconducting fault current limiter (SFCL) dif fers from other types of current limiters in low energy loss and the ability to respond almost instantaneously to current excess (including a shortcircuit current) and limit it quickly. In normal modes, the device has practically no effect on the electrical supply network operation, and in emergency modes, it connects to the network the resistance required to limit a shortcircuit current to the required level. The concept of construction of a switching SFCL allows reducing significantly the volume of HTS and thereby making the SFCL competitive. The switching SFCL contains a series connected block of HTS modules and a highspeed breaker, the disconnection time of which is several times less than the disconnec tion time of the circuit breaker [2–7]. The present work describes a switching SFCL with voltage of 3.5 kV and nominal current of 2 kA (SFCL 3.5 kV/2 kA). The SFCL contains a block of nine HTS modules (three parallelconnected circuits, each of which contains three seriesconnected modules) [8] and a highspeed vacuum breaker [9]. One HTS module contains six seriesconnected elements of flat glued constructions, in which the HTS tapes are glued to the fiberglass laminate base [10]. Each element contains four parallel HTS tapes
imposed bifilar on both sides of the fiberglass laminate base. In the module, HTS tapes of the second genera tion 12 mm in width produced by SuperOx on a Has telloy C276 alloy substrate 65 μm thick were used. Figure 1a presents the superconducting HTS block of modules. The dimensions of the block in the horizon tal plane are (160 × 240) mm2. The critical current is Ic ≈ 300 A. Figure 1b shows photos of three modules in a cryostat
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