Supplemental Carvacrol Can Reduce the Severity of Inflammation by Influencing the Production of Mediators of Inflammatio
- PDF / 522,380 Bytes
- 8 Pages / 595.276 x 790.866 pts Page_size
- 45 Downloads / 151 Views
Supplemental Carvacrol Can Reduce the Severity of Inflammation by Influencing the Production of Mediators of Inflammation Mehmet Kara,1,5 Sema Uslu,1 Fatih Demirci,2 Halide Edip Temel,3 and Canan Baydemir4
ABSTRACT—Carvacrol (CVC) is a monoterpenic phenol, which is present in the essential oil of various plants. It has been widely used both as antibacterial feed additive and food preservative. Therefore, our objective was to evaluate the prophylactic effects of carvacrol on inflammatory mediators of sepsis. Serum tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin 6 levels as proinflammatory markers were evaluated using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique. Malondialdehyde (MDA) was determined in the sample by using thiobarbituric acid test. Nitric oxide (NO) levels and arginase activity and also all measurements were evaluated after 24 h from lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injections done (1 mg/kg i.p.). All carvacrol doses (20, 40, and 80 mg/kg) were given by intra gastric gavage during six days before LPS injection (7th day). Proinflammatory cytokines, MDA, NO levels, and arginase activity were decreased by carvacrol according to the carvacrol doses. These results indicate that carvacrol may have a potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects in a dose-dependent manner. Subchronic use of CVC can be assisted to pre-treat of sepsis as a prophylactic. KEY WORDS: arginase; carvacrol; interleukin-6; nitric oxide; sepsis; tumor necrosis factor alpha.
INTRODUCTION In a general manner, well-regulated inflammation can defend and protect the organism from detrimental process. The collapse of control mechanisms during sepsis can result in a loss of inflammation control, and so serious host damage would be inevitable [1]. Sepsis is characterized by an excessive inflammatory response of the cellular innate immune system against not only bacteria itself, but also bacterial components 1
Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey 2 Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskisehir, Turkey 3 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskisehir, Turkey 4 Department of Biostatistics and medical informatics, Faculty of Medicine, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey 5 To whom correspondence should be addressed at Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey. E-mail: [email protected] Abbreviations: Arg, arginase; CVC, carvacrol; IL-6, interleukin 6; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; MDA, malondialdehyde; NO, nitric oxide; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor alpha
(endotoxins), which are given as secondary (e.g. lipopolysaccharide from Gram negative bacteria and lipoteichoic acid from Gram positive bacteria) [2]. In response to endotoxin, wide range of cells, especially immune cells like macrophages, B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, and mast cells produce the proinflammatory cytokines including interleukins (such as IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) [3]. Nitric
Data Loading...
